The Battle of VenezuelaSeven Stories Press, 4 janv. 2011 - 240 pages In August 2004, the Venezuelan public came out in record numbers to deliver an overwhelming vote of confidence. After many attempts to unseat him, Hugo Chåvez, the former military man who took the country first by coup and then by ballot, again emerged as the people’s choice. It was, in his words, "a victory for the people of Venezuela." Yet despite Chåvez’s successes, having defended his post in six referenda, two elections and against one failed coup, Venezuela—one of the world’s largest oil exporting countries—is a nation deeply divided. The power struggle between the country’s first indigenous head of state and his detractors expresses a larger conflict gripping the region. In The Battle of Venezuela, Guardian reporter Michael McCaughan captures the drama of challenges to Chåvez’s presidency in the courts and on the streets of Caracas. In this detailed analysis of the political forces at work, McCaughan documents the role of the country’s powerful and shrinking middle class, the effects of Chåvez’s social programs for his mainly poor constituents, and the rise of the social movement whose members proclaim themselves "Chåvistas." |
Table des matières
SIMÓN BOLÍVAR | |
OIL ANDCAUDILLOS | |
GENERAL LÓPEZ CONTRERAS 19361941 | |
THE BIRTH OF POLITICAL PARTIES | |
PARLIAMENTARY RUPTURE | |
FROM PUNTO FIJO TO HUGO CHÁVEZ | |
GUERRILLA WARFARE | |
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT | |
TAKING STOCK | |
THE COUP | |
RADIO BEMBA | |
AFTERMATH | |
MEDIA | |
MIRAFLORES RESPONDS | |
INTERNATIONAL REACTION | |
THE OPPOSITION REGROUPS | |
THE CARACAZO | |
THE 1992 COUP ATTEMPT | |
MAS AND LCR | |
LA CAUSA R IN POWER | |
CALDERAS LAST STAND | |
PABLO MEDINA | |
POLITICAL ALLIES | |
RESHAPING THE NATION | |
THE RELEGITIMIZATION OF NEW INSTITUTIONS | |
THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION | |
THE YEAR OF ENABLING LEGISLATION | |
CHÁVEZ ON THE WORLD STAGE | |
RURAL RESETTLEMENT AND URBAN MARKETS | |
SARAO | |
OIL | |
THE OLIGARCHY STRIKES BACK | |
ECONOMIC DOWNTURN | |
FROM THE MIDDLE | |
THE PEMÓN EXPERIENCE | |
PDVSA | |
FORO CONSTITUCIÓN Y PAZ | |
THE BOLÍVARIAN ECONOMY | |
MOVIMIENTO VS REPÚBLICA | |
STEERING THE COURSE OF REFORM | |
THE MADNESS OF OTTO REICH | |
A NEW CONFIGURATION OF POWER | |
WHO IS HUGO? | |
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2002 coup attempt activists Aló Presidente anti-Chávez April 2002 coup armed forces army assembly attempt of 2002 barrios Betancourt Bolívar Bolívarian Circles Bolívarian project Caldera campaign candidate Caracas Caracazo Carlos Andrés Pérez Carmona Castro Chávez administration Chávez supporters Chavista citizens Colombia COPEI country’s coup attempt coup d’etat coup plotters Cuba Cuban December democracy democratic dissident Douglas Bravo economic El Nacional electoral Fidel Castro foreign forty-nine laws global guerrilla Hugo Chávez indigenous José journalists Junta land Latin America leader left-wing Matancero military million Miraflores movement neighborhood neoliberal oil industry opposition organized Otto Reich ousted Patrióticos PDVSA Pemón percent Pérez Jiménez policies popular President Chávez presidential election Punto Fijo radical Rafael Rafael Caldera rebel recall referendum reform region Reich revolution Rodríguez role SARAO sector social strike television Teodoro Petkoff trade troops U.S. government union Velasquez Venezuela vote workers