The Intellectual History of Europe

ancient archaic society Augustine Averroes baroque became began bishops Calvin Calvinist Carolingian Cathars Catholic Charlemagne Christ Christian Church clergy cosmos Counter-Reformation court cult culture Descartes devotio moderna divine doctrine earth East Eckhart eighteenth century Emperor empire England English Enlightenment Enthusiasts Erasmian Erasmus Europe Europe's European faith father forces France Franciscan freedom French German Gospel Gregory heresy heretics Holy human humanists Ibid ideas imperial inner intellectual Islam Italian Italy Jansenists Jesuits King kingdom language Leibniz lived lords Luther Lutheran magic modern monasteries movement mysticism nature Neoplatonic Nicholas of Cusa nineteenth century nobility orthodox Otto of Freising pagan Paracelsus Paris persecution philosophy pietistic political Pope priests princes Protestant reason reform religion religious Revolution Roman Rome sacraments sacred salvation scholasticism secular Siger social soul Spain Spanish spiritual spiritualist struggle theologians theology things thinkers Thomas thought tion underground universal Waldensians Western