The Generic BookA generic noun phrase is one that denotes a kind; a generic sentence reports a regularity that summarizes groups of particular episodes or facts. Standard semantic theories of reference have much trouble accounting for generic sentences and noun phrases, and the lack of an acceptable theory of such expressions has posed a serious epistemological problem for linguistics and philosophy. In an attempt to address this theoretical gap, a group of semanticists, calling itself the Generic Group, has worked to develop a common view of genericity. Their research has resulted in this book, which consists of a substantive introduction and eleven original articles on important aspects of the interpretation of generic expressions. The introduction provides a clear overview of the issues and synthesizes the major analytical approaches to them. Taken together, the papers that follow reflect the current state of the art in the semantics of generics, and afford insight into various generic phenomena. The Generic Book will be a valuable source of facts and insights about generic constructions, and will appeal to linguists, logicians, and philosophers who are interested in genericity in language. |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
adverb adverb of quantification analysis analyzed anaphora antecedent approach assignment assume bare plural Bermuda Triangle bird Carlson characterizing sentences Consider context count nouns D-structure defeasible defeasible reasoning definite denote derived discussion domain donkey entailment entities episodic example existential closure existential quantifier existential reading express fact focus function GEN-operator habitual Heim i-level predicates indefinite descriptions indefinite NPs individual individual-level predicates interpretation introduced John kind predicates kind-referring NPs knows French Kratzer Krifka language lexical linguistic lion Logical Form Mary smokes mass nouns meaning Modus Ponens nonmonotonic normal notion noun phrases nuclear scope operator Pelletier plural NPs possible worlds propositions Q-adverbs quantifier refer relation representation restrictive clause restrictor rhino Robert Musil rules Schubert singular situation stage-level predicates stative structure syntactic taxonomic tense theory tiger tion true Tweety type-shifting typical unaccusative universal quantifier usually variable verb verbal predicate
Fréquemment cités
Page 413 - [t]he feature that is common to all habituals [. . .] is that they describe a situation which is characteristic of an extended period of time, so extended in fact that the situation referred to is viewed not as an incidental property of the moment but, precisely, as a characteristic feature of a whole period.
Page 131 - Prohibition against vacuous quantification For every quantifier Q, there must be a variable x such that Q binds an occurrence of AT in both its restrictive clause and its nuclear scope (Kratzer 1989:9).
Page 48 - This stereotype must include the feature of stripes if his acquisition is to count as successful. The fact that a feature (eg stripes) is included in the stereotype associated with a word X does not mean that it is an analytic truth that all Xs have that feature, nor that most Xs have that feature, nor that all normal Xs have that feature, nor that some Xs have that feature.
Page 239 - Rooth ( 1985): (8) a) John only introduced Bill to SUE. b) John only introduced BILL to Sue. Both sentences establish reference to different situations: "there can be situations in which one assertion is definitely true and the other definitely false" (Hajioová, Partee, and Sgall, ibid.).
Page 246 - G'=DX] ). If g is an assignment function and d is an index in its domain, then I will write gd instead of g(d). Two assignment functions g,k are said to be COMPATIBLE, g=k, iff they are identical for their shared domain: g=k iff Vd[de DOM(g) & de DOM(k) -» gd=kd]. The AUGMENTATION of g with k, g+k, is defined as guk, if DOM(g)nDOM(k) = 0, and undefined otherwise. I will use the following notations for VARIANTS of assignment functions; contrary to usual conventions, they will denote sets of assignment...
Page 178 - Intuitively, it is äs if i-level predicates were, so to speak, unlocated. If one is intelligent, one is intelligent nowhere in particular. S-level predicates, on the other hand, are located in space." Temporäre Eigenschaften sind demnach räumlich situiert, permanente Eigenschaften hingegen ortsungebunden. Zulässige Kombinationen von ILP mit lokalen Modifikatoren wie in (10) werden im Stadien/Individuen-Paradigma darauf zurückgeführt, dass hier das Lokaladverbial zur Beschränkung einer...
Page 32 - An expression Q [...x;...] (restrictor [...x...]; matrix [...{x )...]) is a generalization over x iff it allows for models in which there is more than one value for x for which 3[restrictor[...x...]] is true (where 3 binds all free variables except x)" (Krifka et al., 1992, Chapter 2, p.
Page 388 - apply the property corresponding to the individual x to the individual y." The variable x may be a variable over kinds while y is a variable over objects. Thus, Carlson's realization operator, R' is just a special case of the predication operator, jr.
Informations bibliographiques
| Titre | The Generic Book |
| Auteur | Gregory N. Carlson |
| Rédacteurs | Gregory N. Carlson, Francis Jeffry Pelletier |
| Éditeur | University of Chicago Press, 1995 |
| ISBN | 0226092925, 9780226092928 |
| Longueur | 463 pages |
| Exporter la citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |