Stone: Building Stone, Rock Fill and Armourstone in Construction

abrasive acid aggregate ANFO armour armourstone assessment bedding planes blasthole blasting block size blocks borehole Building Research Establishment building stone calcite carbonate Carboniferous cement cladding clay cleavage colour compressive strength construction core cost crystals density deposit described determine dimension stone discontinuities drilling durability Engineering Engineering Geology example excavation explosive extraction face feldspars fracture fragmentation geological geostatistics grade grain granite holes horizontal hydraulic igneous rocks important joints layer load London magma marble masonry material measured metamorphic rocks method metres minerals mining mortar natural stone occur overburden particles porosity potential processing produce properties pyroxenes quarry quartz removed resistance result rock fill rock mass rock types roofing sample Sandstone sawn sedimentary rocks sediments silicate slabs slate slope soil spacing specification stone quarry strata structure surface Table techniques texture thickness tion tonnes usually variation vertical wall weathering wire saw