The e of the pronoun je is omitted and its place supplied by an apostro phe when the verb begins with a vowel.

Have you the bread? Yes, sir, I have the bread. Have you the dish? I have the dish. Have you the fruit? Yes, sir, I have the fruit. Have you the sugar? I have the sugar. Have you the milk? Yes, sir, I have the milk. Have I the bread? You have the bread. Have I the dish? Yes, sir, you have the dish. Have I the fruit? You have the fruit. Have I the sugar? Yes, sir, you have the sugar. Have I

the milk?

You have the milk.

THE SECOND LESSON.

SECONDE LEÇON.
Avons-nous? nous avons,
Avons-nous le sel?
Nous avons le sel.
Le bœuf,
Le café,
Le beurre,
Mon, votre,
Avez-vous mon vin?

覽廳

Have we? we have.
Have we the salt?
We have the salt,
The beef or ox,
The coffee,
The butter,
My, your,

Have vou my wine?

I have your wine,

My cabbage, your cheese,

The broth, the stocking,

J'ai votre vin,

Mon chou, votre fromage,
Le bouillon, le bas.

Have we the beef? We have the beef. Have we the coffee? Yes, sir, we have the coffee. Have we the butter? We have the butter. Have we the wine? We have the wine. Have we the cabbage? Yes, sir, we have the cabbage. Have we the cheese? We have the cheese. Have we the broth? We have the broth. Have we the stocking? Yes, sir, we have the stocking. Have you my tea? I have your tea. Have I your bread? You have my bread. Have we your dish? You have my dish. your fruit.

Have you my fruit? I have

Have

Have I your sugar? You have my sugar. Have we your milk? Yes, sir, you have my milk. you my salt? I have your salt. Have I your beef? You have my beef. Have we your coffee? You have my coffee. Have you my butter? I have your butter. Have I your wine? You have my wine. Have we your cabbage? You have my cabbage. Have you my cheese? I have your cheese. Have I your broth? You have my broth. we your stocking? Yes, sir, you have my stocking.

Have

Beau becomes bel, and vieux generally becomes vieil before a vowel

or a silent h.

He

Has he his glove? He has his glove. Has he our bed? He has our bed. Has he the good knife? He has the good knife. Has he the bad shoe? He has the bad shoe. Has he the large hat? He has the large hat. Has he the little bag? Yes, sir, he has the little bag. Has he the big button? has the big button. Has he the pretty ribbon? He has the pretty ribbon. What money has he? He has his money. What coat has he? He has our coat. Has he the old shoe?® He has the old shoe. Has he the handsome glove? He has the handsome glove. Have you the old money? I have the old money. Have I the handsome gold? You have the handsome gold. Have we our good bed? We have our good bed. Has he his bad knife? He has his bad knife. Have you my big hat? I have your big hat. Have I your little ribbon ? You have my little ribbon. Have we our pretty bag? We have our pretty bag. Has he his old egg?* Has he our handsome gold? Have we our old hat? Has he his handsome glove? What gold have we?

THE FOURTH LESSON.

Have they? they have, their,
Have they their coarse salt?
They have their coarse salt.

QUATRIÈME LEÇON.

Ont-ils? ils ont, leur,
Ont-ils leur gros sel?

Ils ont leur gros sel.

The French generally employ two words for a negative, ne before the

verb, and pas after it.

Have you not my cap?
I have not your cap,
Have I not your apron?
You have not my waistcoat,
Has he not his pantaloons?
He has not his book,
Have we not our carpet?
We have not our long string,
Have they not their lead-pencil?
They have not their paper,
And, or,

The copy-book and the stick,

* When the answers are not given, the pupil is, in speaking, to form them for himself.

The first book or the second,

The third, the last,

some_cap.

Le premier livre ou le second,
Le troisième, le dernier.

Have they their handsome cap? They have their handHave they their good apron? They have their good apron. Have they your small waistcoat? They have not my small waistcoat. Have they not the coarse pantaloons? They have not the coarse pantaloons. Have they not the old carpet? They have not the old carpet; they have the long string. Have they the handsome pencil? Have they the paper or the copy-book? They have the paper and the copy-book. Have they not their stick? Have you the first book or the second? I have the second. They have the last book.

Have I not the beef? Have you not the salt? Have we not our salt? Have they not their cabbage? Have I not my cheese? Have you not your broth? Has he not his

cap? Has he the apron or the waistcoat? Have we not our pantaloons? Have they not their book and their carpet? Have you not the paper and the copy book? Has he the long string or the long stick? Have we the first and the last book?

THE FIFTH LESSON.

CINQUIÈME LEÇON.

The phrases, to be warm, to be cold, to be hungry, to be thirsty, to be sleepy, to be afraid, to be ashamed, to be right, to be wrong, instead of being expressed in French, as in English, by the verb to be and an adjective, are rendered by the verb avoir and a noun, literally meaning, to have heat, to have cold, to have hunger, etc., as follows:

Am I cold? Very,

You are cold. I am very cold,
Are you warm? I am warm,

I am very warm,

Is he hungry? He is hungry,

He is very hungry,

Are we thirsty?

We are thirsty,

Ai-je froid? Bien,

Vous avez froid. J'ai bien froid,
Avez-vous chaud? J'ai chaud,
J'ai bien chaud,

A-t-il faim? Il a faim,
a bien faim,
Avons-nous soif?

Nous avons soif,

Are they afraid? They are afraid, Ont-ils peur

Am I not ashamed?

? Ils ont peur,

N'ai-je pas honte?

N'avez-vous pas honte ?

N'a-t-il pas sommeil?

Ont-ils faim ou sommeil ?
Avez-vous raison?

N' ont-ils pas tort? Le suif,

Le tabac.

Le savon. Ce reçu,

Ce before a consonant, cet before a

vowel or silent h,

That tree. This hat and this coat, Cet arbre. Ce chapeau et cet habit.

Am I warm? You are not warm; you are cold. Are you very cold? I am very cold. Is he thirsty? He is not thirsty; he is hungry. Are we hungry? We are hungry. Are they ashamed? They are not ashamed. Am Lot afraid? You are not afraid?

Are you not sleepy? I am

I am not very sleepy. Is he

sleepy. Are you very sleepy? not right? He is not right. Are we not wrong? We are wrong. Am I right or wrong? You are right. Is he afraid or ashamed? He is afraid; he is not ashamed. Is he sleepy? He is sleepy. Have I the salt? You have not the salt? Have you the good tobacco? I have the good tobacco. Has he the large tree? Yes, sir; he has the large tree. What cabbage have we? We have our cabbage. Have they this cheese or this money? They have this cheese. Has he not this tree? He has this tree and this fruit. Have I their soap and their tallów? You have their soap and their tallow. Has he their receipt? He has their receipt, and we have their soap and their tallow.

Has he not our bad bed? Have we not the coarse bag and the pretty ribbon? Have I not the handsome hat and the handsome coat? Have you the old coat and the old shoe? Has he not this egg and this fruit? Have you the handsome button or the handsome egg? Has he the receipt?

There is no neuter gender in French. Il applies to all nouns not feminine.

In interrogations of the third person, the French generally employ the subject before the verb, with the pronoun after it.