3.

USE OF THE CONDITIONAL MODE.

The conditional mode is used to express what would take place, or would have taken place, if a certain condition were, or had been, fulfilled. The condition, when expressed, is introduced by the conjunction si, if, with a verb in the imperfect or pluperfect tense of the indicative mood.

Je le ferais, si je pouvais.

Je l'aurais fait, si j'avais pu.

I would do it, if I could.

I would have done it, if I had been able.

Il aurait pu le faire, s'il avait He could have done it, if he would. voulu.

REM. The conditional mode is not used after si, if; but may be used after si, whether.

Je ne sais s'il viendrait, si je I do not know whether he would l'invitais. come, if I should invite him.

4.

USE OF THE IMPERATIVE MODE.

The imperative mode is used in French, as in English, to exhort or to command.

Rendez-moi heureux.

Ne me rendez pas malheureux.
Rendons-nous utiles aux autres.

Make me happy.

Do not make me unhappy.

Let us render ourselves useful to others.

The third person of the imperative is supplied by the third persar of the present tense of the subjunctive mode.

Qu'il le fasse, et qu'ils en rient. Let him do it, and let them laugh.

Verbs ending in the second person singular of the imperative in e, as parle, pense, offre, and also the imperative va, add, for the sake of euphony, the letter s before en and y.

5.

USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MODE.

The subjunctive mode is used in dependent sentences:

(1.) After verbs and phrases that express pleasure, pain, surprise will, desire, command, doubt, fear, etc.

Je suis bien aise que vous ayez
réussi.

Il s'étonne que nous soyons ici.
Il désire que nous partions.
Je doute qu'il le sache.

(2.) After interrogative and Croyez-vous qu'il le sache ? Je ne pense pas qu'il le sache. (3.) After impersonal verbs. 11 est temps que vous partiez. Il faut qu'il le fasse.

I am glad that you succeeded.

He wonders that we are here.
He wishes us to leave.
I doubt his knowing it.

negative sentences which imply doubt.
Do you believe that he knows it!
I do not think that he knows it.

It is time for you to leave.
He must do it.

(4.) In a relative sentence that limits one of the following words: le plus, le moins, le mieux, le meilleur, le pire, le moindre, le seul, le premier, le dernier, etc.

Vous êtes le premier qui l'ait su.
Le seul qui puisse le faire.

You are the first who knew it.
The only one who can do it.

(5.) In a relative sentence limiting a word of an indefinite sense.

Je cherche quelqu'un qui le sache. Il y a peu d'hommes qui le sachent.

I seek some one who knows it.

There are few men who know it.

(6.) After certain conjunctions. (See Fifty-second Lesson.)

The tense of the verb, when it is in the subjunctive mode, depends on the tense of the governing verb.

The present and future tenses require the present or past tense of the subjunctive.

The past tenses and the tenses of the conditional require the imperfect or pluperfect of the subjunctive.

The infinitive may be used as subject or as object.
Parler trop est imprudent.

Je veux vous rendre ce service.
Je le ferai pour vous obliger.

To speak too much is imprudent.

I will render you that service.
I will do it to oblige you.

The past tense of the infinitive is used after the preposition après, whereas, in English, the present or compound participle is used.

Après avoir dit cela il sortit.

7.

After saying that he went out.

GOVERNMENT OF VERBS.

Some verbs are transitive in English and intransitive or neuter in French; and again, some verbs are transitive or active in French, which are intransitive in English.

To enjoy a thing.

Jouir de quelque chose.
Convenir à quelqu'un.
Obéir à quelqu'un.
Plaire à quelqu'un.
Répondre à quelqu'un.
Ressembler à quelqu'un.
And

Demander quelque chose.
Désirer quelque chose.
Payer quelque chose.
Devoir quelque chose.
Écouter quelqu'un.
Regarder quelqu'un.

To suit somebody.
To obey somebody.
To please somebody.
To answer somebody.
To resemble somebody.

To ask for something.
To wish for something.
To pay for something.
To owe for something.

To listen to somebody.
To look at somebody.

Some verbs require a different preposition in French than they do in English.

Penser à, to think of.

Rire de, to laugh at.

The following are some of the verbs which govern the infinitive directly (see Twentieth Lesson, 2):

The following are some of the verbs which require à before the dependent infinitive (see Twenty-second Lesson):

The following are some of the verbs which require de before the dependent infinitive (see Twenty-second Lesson):

Some verbs require different prepositions, according to the sense in which they are used, tarder à, to delay; tarder de, (impers.) to long; venir, to come; venir à, to happen; venir de, to come from, to have just. Il tarde bien à venir.

Il me tarde de le voir.

Je viens travailler.

S'il vient à mourir.

Je viens de le voir.

*APPARTENIR, TO BELONG.

He is long in coming.

I long to see him.

I come to work.
If he happens to die.

I have just seen him.

ÊTRE À, To Belong.

To whom does that house belong?

A qui appartient cette maison ?
Être à is used in the sense of appartenir.

Agreement. 1. My friend and I shall start to-morrow. 2. You or Henry will come with us. 3. The people were complaining of the conduct of the troops. 4. A band of soldiers kept the door of the palace. 5. A great many soldiers were killed in the last battle. 6. They are our friends, who invited us. 7. It is you, gentlemen, who refused to come. Use of the Tenses. 8. How long have you been here? 9. I have been here since Saturday. 10. I have been waiting two hours for my brother. 11. I have lost my grammar. 12. Yesterday I found it among the books which you returned to me. 13. Last winter we were in Paris. 14. One day I received a letter which called me back to New York; my father was sick. 15. As soon as I had learned this news, I came back to the United States. 16. I shall start when my brother comes. 17. I will start to-day, if he comes. 18. I do not know whether he will come. Conditional Mode. 19. He would come, if he could. 20. He would have come yesterday, if it had not rained. 21. I would render you that service, if it (ce) were in (en) my power. 22. I would have done so already.

Imperative Mode. 23. Do not keep me waiting long. 24. Let us render ourselves agreeable to those of whom we have need. Subjunctive Mode. 25. I am glad that you have come. sorry that your brother is sick. 27. I wonder that he has not written

26. I am