INTRODUCTION. READINESS in employing the verb in all of its forms is well understood to be indispensable to anything like fluency in the use of the French language. This readiness can be attained only by constant and systematic drill. The ordinary practice of reciting the moods and tenses consecutively does not secure it, because any one person and number suggests the following one, and thus the work becomes a routine, and does not give the independence essential to rapid expression. Inasmuch as each verb is conjugated affirmatively, negatively, interrogatively, and negatively-interrogatively, the number of changes in arrangement is so great that the task of familiarizing the student with them presents obstacles somewhat difficult to overcome. The purpose of this pamphlet is to offer a means by which the necessary constant and systematic drill may be secured by an outlay of ten or fifteen minutes of each recitation hour. It is to be employed after a verb has been studied till all of its forms can be given fairly well in their order. This drill supplements 'that work and results in enabling the student to employ without hesitation any form of the verb he may wish to use in speaking or writing. The English of nearly every possible arrangement of Avoir is here given, and the order is such that no similar forms are successive. It has been found best to give about twenty forms to be practiced for each recitation. Of course the number will depend upon the proficiency and industry of the pupils. 353 In class, the teacher should strive to obtain instant and unhesitating rendering into French when the English is pronounced. After some familiarity with Avoir has been gained, any other verb may be practiced by substituting its forms for those of Avoir. For example, if the study be upon to write or to go away, the first form will be, "Thou shouldst not have written," or "Thou shouldst not have gone away," in place of, Thou shouldst not have had," and so on. 66 A few weeks of this drill will develop fluency in using the verb, greater ease in pronunciation, and an interest in forming sentences and in expression of thought that it is very hard to arouse while the pupil is struggling with unreadiness as to modes and tenses. This day drill should be continued until there is such facility in the use of the different forms of any verb that it is no longer necessary. Success with this as with everything else will depend very much upon the enthusiasm and persistence of the teacher. THE ENGLISH OF THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF AVOIR, TO HAVE. 1. Thou shouldst not have 3. They should not have had. 5. Would I have? 6. You had. 7. They have. 8. You have not had. 9. Hadst thou? 10. Had he had? 11. Will they not have? 14. That we might not have. 18. That thou mightst not have. 20. Have I not? 21. To have had. 22. I have not. 23. I should have had. 26. They have had. 27. He should not have had. 30. Wouldst thou not have? 33. We should not have had. 34. They will not have. 35. That he might have had. 36. That we might not have had. 37. That they may not have had. 38. That you might have had. 39. Thou hadst not. 40. Will he have had? 41. They have not. 42. Not to have. 43. We had. 44. Have you? 51. That thou mightst have. 54. That thou mightst have had. 55. That I might have. 56. He has. 57. That I might not have had. 58. We have not had. 59. Have we not? 60. You had not had. 61. I had. 62. We would have had. 63. Thou hast. 64. Has he had? 65. I shall have had. 66. Have they? 67. Wilt thou not have had? 68. We had had. 69. He would have had. 70. Have (you). 71. You would have had. 75. That he may have had. 79. He will not have had. 84. Hadst thou not had? 85. Wouldst thou have had? 86. Thou wilt have had. 87. Shall we have? 88. Not to have had. 89. You would have. 90. Should you have had? 91. Had he not? 92. That they might not have. 93. That I might not have. 94. He will not have. 95. Would we not have? 96. They have not had. 97. I had not. 98. Will you not have? 99. He had not had. 100. That we may not have. 101. We shall have. 102. Had we? 103. That we may have. 104. Thou wilt not have had. 105. Have I not had? 106. You will not have had. 107. We have had. 108. Thou hadst not had. 109. You have had. 110. That you might not have had. 111. They had had. 112. That we may have had. 113. That he may have. 114. That he might not have had. 115. Hadst thou not? 116. I shall not have had. 117. We would not have. 118. Hast thou had? 119. Shall we not have? 120. Should they not have had? 121. Would I not have had? 122. Hast thou not? 123. That thou mayst have had. 124. Should you not have had? 125. Would you not have? 126. That thou mayst not have had. 127. Shall I not have had? 128. I have not had. 129. He had had. 130. He would not have. 131. Having had. 132. I would not have. 133. That I may have.. 134. He will have had. 135. Had they not? 136. Have not (you). 137. That we may not have had. 138. They will have had. 139. That he might not have. 140. Would they not have? 141. Would they have? 142. That thou mightst not have had. 143. We had not. 144. Thou hadst had. 145. Has he not? 146. Had I had? 147. Hast thou? 148. They had. 149. Shall we not have had? 150. That he may not have had. 151. Shall I have had? 152. You should not have had. 153. That you may not have. 154. Would he not have? 155. Have we had? 156. That they might have. 157. That we might have. 158. Had you? 159. We have. 160. We will have. 161. That we might have had. 162. Will they have had? 163. He had. 164. Have they had? 165. Have we? 166. Not having had. 167. That they may have. 168. Has he not had? 169. That they may not have had. 170. Wouldst thou not have had? 171. Have you not had? 172. Had you not had? 173. Would they have had? 175. Will he not have had? 178. That they might not have had. 179. That I might have had. 180. Thou wouldst not have. 181. Had he? 182. I would have. 183. That you might have. 184. Will you not have had? 185. Had I? 186. Has he? 187. Shall I not have? 188. I have. 189. Have I? 190. I had not had. 191. I shall not have. 192. You had not. 193. Wouldst thou have? 194. That thou mayst have. 195. That I may not have. 196. We have not had. 197. They would have. 198. Would I have had? 199. Have we not had? 200. They had not had. 201. He has had. 202. Will they not have had! 203. They had not. 204. Will they have? 205. That they might have had. 206. Thou hast had. 207. Shall we have had? 208. Had you had? 216. They would have had. 220. Wilt thou have? 221. You will have. 222. I have had. 223. Thou hast not. 224. Wilt thou have had? 225. That I may not have had. 226. Would we have? 227. You will not have. 228. Had you not? 229. They will not have had. 230. That you may have. 231. He has not. 232. Would he not have had? 233. Had they had? 234. Have they not had? 235. Hadst thou? 236. To have. |