(8.) L'un l'autre, EACH OTHER; pl. les uns les autres, ONE ANOTHER.

Ils s'aiment l'un l'autre.

They love each other.

Ils se trompent les uns les autres. They deceive one another.

(4.) L'un et l'autre, BOTH; l'un ou l'autre, EITHER; ni l'un ni l'autre, NEITHER.

J'achète l'un et l'autre.

J'achète l'un ou l'autre.

I buy both.

Je ne veux ni l'un ni l'autre.

I buy either the one or the other.
I will have neither.

(5.)

On, ONE, SOME ONE, PEOPLE, THEY.

On represents, indefinitely, some person or persons, as subject of the verb. It requires the verb in the third person singular.

On n'est pas toujours maître de One is not always master of him

After et, si, ou, où, and some other words, the letter l' is often used before on (l'on), for the sake of euphony.

On va et l'on vient.

(6.)

They go and come.

Personne, NOBODY (requires ne before the verb).

REM. Quelqu'un is not used in a negative sense. We should not say: je n'ai pas vu quelqu'un, but je n'ai vu personne, I have not seen anybody.

(8.) Quelques-uns, f. quelques-unes, SOME, A FEW. I know some of those gentlemen

Je connais quelques-uns de ces

(12.)

Tel, f. telle, SUCH A ONE, MANY A ONE.

Tel rit aujourd'hui qui pleurera Many a one laughs to-day who will demain.

weep to-morrow.

REM. Tel is also used as a noun: Monsieur un tel, Mr. Such-a-one; Madame une telle, Mrs. So-and-so.

(13.)

Tout, ALL, EVERYTHING.

He has all (that which) he wishes,
He has told me everything.

Il a tout ce qu'il veut.

Il m'a tout dit.

REM.

Tout is also used as a noun. Le tout produit un bel effet, the whole produces a fine effect.

Vocabulary 19.

Le salon, the drawing-room; the Frappé, knocked; struck.

parlor.

Un fauteuil, an arm-chair.
Une chaise, a chair.

Un éventail, a fan.

Un paquet, a packet; a bundle.

Un défaut, a defect; a fault.
Une composition, a composition.
Ensemble, together.

Seul, alone.

Sonné, rung.

Il sonne, he rings.

On sonne, the bell rings.

Demandé, asked for.

Il demande, he asks for; he in quires for.

Il vaut, it is worth.

Parlez, speak.

Prenez, take.

Exercise 19.

1. A-t-on sonné? 2. On a frappé à la porte. 3. On vous demande. 4. On a apporté un paquet pour vous. 5. Ne parlez pas des défauts d'autrui. 6. Chacun a les siens. 7. Chacun est maître chez soi. 8. Chacune de ces maisons vaut dix mille piastres. 9. Ces deux élèves sont toujours ensemble. 10. On ne voit jamais l'un sans l'autre. 11. Ils sont l'un et l'autre très-studieux. 12. Voici deux éventails; prenez l'un ou l'autre. 13. Je ne veux ni l'un ni l'autre. 14. J'en ai déjà plusieurs. 15. Plusieurs de nos élèves sont absents. 16. Y a-t-il quelqu'un avec M. votre père au salon? 17. Il n'y a personne avec lui; il y est seul. 18. On a apporté des fauteuils; en avezvous acheté ? 19. J'en ai acheté quelques-uns. 20. Quelques-unes de nos chaises sont cassées. 21. Pas une de ces compositions n'est sans fautes. 22. Nul ne sait cela mieux que lui, 23. Il m'a tout dit. 24. J'ai

tout vu.

* déjà, already.

Theme 19.

1. The bell rings. 2. Some one calls me. 3. There is some one in the parlor who inquires for you. 4. They have brought the arm-chair. 5. Every one has his faults. 6. Every one works for himself (soi). 7. Each one of these paintings is worth five hundred dollars. 8. Those are two good friends; one always* sees them together. 9. The one is never without the other. 10. I am never alone at home; there is always somebody with me. 11. Take either of these two fans. 12. I don't like either (I like neither). 13. Have you seen anybody? 14. I have not seen anybody [see (7.) Rem.]. 15. Nobody has been at the office. 16. Several of your friends have been here. 17. I have seen several of them. 18. Some of them have bought a few of these chairs. tions is without mistakes. 21. better than Mr. Such-a-one. 23. I have told him all.

left the city. 19. I have 20. One of these composiNot one of you has done 22. He knows everything.

TWENTIETH LESSON.

THE VERB.-INFINITIVE MODE.

1. There are four different classes or conjugations of verbs, distinguished by the endings of the infinitive mode. The infinitive-endings are:

In the 1st conjugation, er, as: couper, to cut.

In the 2d conjugation, ir, as: finir, to finish.

In the 3d conjugation, oir, as: recevoir, to receive.
In the 4th conjugation, re, as: vendre, to sell.

Put the adverb after the verb.

+ See Introduction, p. 18, 17.

A verb consists of two parts, the root and the ending. The root is what remains after striking off the infinitiveending, as: couper, root coup, ending er.

A verb is regular when it is inflected in all its modes and tenses, according to the model verb of the conjugation to which it belongs.

A verb is irregular when it deviates, in the formation of any of its modes or tenses, from the model verb of the conjugation to which it belongs.

The above four verbs: 1. Couper, 2. Finir, 3. Recevoir, 4. Vendre, are given as model verbs of the four conjugations respectively.

REM. Irregular verbs will be marked, in the vocabularies in this book by an asterisk, thus: *Aller, to go.

When two verbs are joined in construction, the one dependent on the other, the first verb governs the second in the infinitive.

(1.) Some verbs govern the infinitive directly, as:

Je veux couper l'arbre.

Je vais le couper.

I will cut the tree.

I am going to cut it.

(2.) Some verbs require the preposition à before the de

pendent infinitive.

J'ai beaucoup à faire.

J'aime à travailler.

I have a great deal to do.

I like to work.

(3.) Some verbs require the preposition de before the dependent infinitive.