The Making of the Test Ban TreatyEighteen years after the United States presented its plan for the international control of atomic energy to the United Nations, the first major arms control agreement was signed between the United States and the Soviet Union. Including Great Britain, the three major nuclear powers pledged to refrain from nuclear tests in the atmosphere, outer space, and underwater in a treaty negotiated in Moscow within two weeks during the summer of 1963. It was hoped that the treaty would at least discourage those phases of the arms race which required large-yield nuclear explosions in the atmosphere or outer space as well as eliminate further radioactive pollution of the atmos phere. In addition, the test ban would discourage, though not eliminate, the development of nuclear weapons by other treaty adherents because the un derground testing allowed under the terms of the document would escalate already heavy costs for countries intending to conduct their first nuclear tests. The Kennedy administration expected other agreements to follow the test ban treaty, particularly an agreement to keep outer space free from 1 nuclear warheads and to outlaw underground tests in the near future. But one of the most important anticipated benefits of the treaty was the expected improvement of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. The treaty was important not only because it was a tangible breakthrough in East-West arms-control negotiations but also because of its implications for domestic and international politics. |
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Table des matières
| 1 | |
| 7 | |
| 31 | |
| 49 | |
| 78 | |
PUBLIC OPINION AND THE TEST BAN TREATY | 107 |
Interest and Apathy | 139 |
THE DEBATE AND VOTE | 161 |
CONCLUSIONS | 183 |
APPENDIX I | 200 |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
ACDA activity agreement AIPO Armed Services arms control arms race atmospheric testing attention August believed cent Chiefs of Staff civil rights Committee on Armed Committee on Foreign concerned conflict Congressional Record considered Control and Disarmament Cuban missile crisis debate decision-makers Defense Democratic Disarmament Agency discussed editorials Edward Teller effects evaluation fallout Foreign Relations goal groups hearings Ibid important indicated insisted Joint Chiefs July leaders leadership mass media missile Moscow national security negotiations Nuclear Test Ban nuclear weapons officers opponents opposed the treaty opposition organizations papers participants political position Preparedness Subcommittee pro-treaty public opinion ratification reported Republican role Rusk scientists Secretary Senator Fulbright September September 16 skeptics Soviet Union supported the treaty Table Teller tension test ban treaty themes United United World Federalists V. O. Key vote Washington Post Washington Star X X X X X X X X X X York
