cordial co-operation to the object of the allied powers of that period; even allowing that the former strong predilections towards the party whose fall was immediately designed could have been overcome in the short space of a few months. The aid, therefore, furnished in May, on the accession to the main articles of the Vienna treaty of the preceding March, did not exceed 8000 men, troops of the line, including the Saxon troops already on the left of the Rhine, and an equal number of landwehr, a force much inferior in numerical strength to that which smaller states were enabled to raise for active employment against the enemy. It was agreed, however, in consideration of the exhausted state of the part of the kingdom of Saxony remaining to the King of Saxony, that the aid which his Majesty should furnish should be regulated by the means at his disposition. The Saxon army is at present composed of two brigades of infantry, each of two regiments; half a brigade of chasseurs; one brigade of cavalry; a corps of artillery, consisting of one mounted, and three foot brigades, with a train battalion. INFANTRY-Strength and Formation. This branch of the permanent force is composed of one guard division, containing two companies, and forming a part of the first infantry brigade; four regiments of the line, each of three battalions or twelve companies; and three battalions of chasseurs, severally of four companies, whose third ranks are armed with rifles. Uniform-The guard division, scarlet coats with yellow linings, collars, turnbacks, and facings, with red flaps; white buttons with a crown on them; epaulettes; white waistcoats; light blue cloth trousers and boots; (in summer, white linen trousers and gaiters;) bearskin caps; muskets, bayonets, and swords. The four regiments of the line are dressed in dark green coats, light blue collars, and facings; two rows of yellow metal buttons with the number of the regiment on them; (the body regiment has a crown ;) light blue trousers; shakos with the number of the regiment in wool, in a brass socket; white leather cross-belts; musket, bayonet, and sword. The chasseurs have likewise green coats, but with black collar and facings, and red bindings; yellow metal buttons with the number of the battalion on them; shakos with the battalion sign in dark green; grey trousers, and black leather cross-belts. The chasseurs are armed the same as the infantry; the sections of riflemen carry rifles and hangers (couteaux de chasse). CAVALRY-Strength and Formation. One regiment of horse guards, and two light dragoon regiments, each of four squadrons, constitute the entire of this arm. Uniform-Smalt-blue coats, with a single row of buttons, with a crown on those of the horse-guards, and the number on those of the other regiments. The collars, facings, and turnbacks of the guards are white; of the first regiment, crimson; of the second, light-green; and all have white bindings and scale epaulettes, light-blue overalls, helmets, swords, carbines, and pistols, with a number of rifles in each squadron. ARTILLERY-Strength and Formation. This establishment is composed of three brigades of foot-artillery, of ten companies each; one brigade of mounted artillery, of two companies; and one train battalion. The company of workmen is under the direction of the chief ordnance department. The pieces consist of the calibre of twelve and six-pound cannons, and eight-pound howitzers, and the batteries are of six guns. To the first levy of the contingent of troops furnished to the federal army of Germany belong four batteries, namely 1 mounted mounted} 2 foot each of four six-pound guns and two 1 twelve-pounder battery. The six-pounders are accompanied by one, the twelve-pounders by two ammunition, and the howitzers by two grenade waggons respectively; a field-forge is attached to each battery, and a spare tumbril to a company. The guns, ammunition and other carriages, appertaining to the mounted artillery, are all harnessed by six horses, as are the twelve-pounders and spare tumbrils. The six-pounders, howitzers, ammunition-waggons, and forges, are drawn by four horses. Uniform-Foot Artillery-Dark-green, with red collar and facings, green linings, yellow buttons, yellow leather belts, and shakos. Horse Artillery-Dark-green jackets, red collars and facings, yellow metal buttons and scale epaulettes, yellow leather belts, shakos, swords, and pistols. The train-battalion wears a uniform of smalt-blue, with black collar and facings, with a red binding; overalls, white buttons, shakos, and swords with black belts. The company of workmen is dressed in a green uniform, with green collar and facings, and a red binding; side arms, with yellow belts. The engineer corps consists of a major, as chief director of the military works, several officers, and men, with a company of sappers and pontoneers. Uniform the same as that worn by the light infantry regiments, but with crimson collar and facings, green linings, white buttons, yellow leather belts, musket, bayonet, and sword. sappers wear upon the coat skirt a spade and pickaxe embroidered; the pontoneers an anchor in metal; and the signal-men a horn. The The garrison troops consist of one garrison division, occupying the fortress of Konigstein; their dress resembles that adopted by the infantry of the line, except the facings and flaps are black, and the buttons plain. Standards-White and Green. CONTINGENT. By the federative constitution of Germany, the kingdom of Saxony is engaged to furnish, in a season of war, to the army of the Confederation, a contingent of 12,000 troops, which forms a part of the 9th corps. Military and Civil Decorations. The Rhombick Crown. Gold and Silver Medal for Military Services. Military Medal of Merit (2 classes). Fortress. Konigstein (of the third class). Principal Depôts of Military Stores. Arsenals-Dresden, Konigstein. Cannon Foundery-Dresden. Manufactory of Small Arms-Olbernhau. No. XI. BADEN. Composition of the Army. The regular force of this grand duchy is estimated at 11,500 men, and is composed of a division of infantry, of two brigades, each containing five battalions; one brigade of cavalry, and one of artillery. In 1815 the resources of the state, notwithstanding the harassing events of the preceding period, were sufficiently extensive to enable the Grand Duke to engage to keep in the field a corps of 16,000 men of all arms, for the formation of a part of the grand army then assembling on the Upper Rhine; and further to engage to mobilize the landsturm, according to the exigency of the case, for service within the country, and for the defence of the interior. INFANTRY-Strength and Formation. This arm comprehends one body grenadier battalion, four regiments of the line, and a battalion of light infantry. The regiments are composed of two battalions, each of six companies, including one of grenadiers and another of chasseurs, which form upon the right and left flanks of the battalion. Uniform-The four regiments of infantry are dressed in blue coats, with red collars and facings, blue cloth trousers and gaiters, and in summer white linen; shakos; the grenadiers and chasseurs with black horse-hair plumes; white leather cross-belts; light infantry, black; muskets, bayonets, and fascine-knives. The guards and the noncommissioned officers carry swords. The regiments are distinguished one from the other by the colours of their epaulettes and buttons, after the manner described beneath; the body grenadier battalion, however, wears silver lace, epaulettes, and grey cloth trousers : The Cavalry consists of one regiment of dragoon-guards, and two of dragoons, each comprising four squadrons. Uniform.-Light-blue jackets and overalls; helmet; white leather belts, and various coloured collars and facings; thus Swords, pistols, and half the men of each squadron carry carbines. ARTILLERY. This service is formed of a brigade, consisting of one horse and three foot companies; one driver, and one pioneer company. The mounted, and two of the foot batteries, are respectively composed of The guns of the horse-artillery, and of the heavy foot battery, togegether with their appropriate ammunition carriages, are drawn by six horses, while all the others are harnessed to four. The Train forms the company of drivers. Uniform-Dark-blue, with black collar and facings and red turnbacks; blue trousers and black gaiters; red epaulettes and flaps ; shakos; yellow buttons, and white leather belts. The foot-artillery and pioneers carry musketoons with bayonets, and fascine-knives. The mounted artillery adopt blue cloth overalls, boots, and light-blue epaulettes, and are armed with swords and pistols. Standards-Red and Yellow, with a white border. Order of Fidelity. Charles Frederick. Military and Civil Decorations. Military Service (5 classes). Rampant Lion (3 classes). Military Service Medal. Gold and Silver Civil Service Medal. Cross of Merit for officers. For Meritorious Services (3 classes). Principal Depôts of Military Stores. Arsenals-Karlsruhe, Manheim. Cannon Founderies-Karlsruhe, Manheim, Villingen. CONTINGENT. The proportion of troops which the Grand Duchy of Baden is engaged to furnish to the army of the Germanic Confederation amounts to 10,000 men, and forms a part of the 8th corps. ON STEAM NAVIGATION. "Nor calm, nor storm, nor rock shall more The elements my power adore, And man I've taught to curb their force; And mock, in calms, an idle sail." THIS is a theme of greater importance to the "United Services," and to the trade and resources of the State, than perhaps many of their members are yet aware of. It is true, that naval officers have already found it to their advantage to study the properties of steam, for it has worked such wonders in a span of time, as to have become alike essential to our national prosperity and individual comfort. What would Vernon or Anson have thought of the man who would have told them that ere a century had slipped away, "The Channel communications would be kept up by hundreds of vessels running against wind and tide? That the whole British navy would be supplied with blocks of all descriptions by merely giving a portion of wood, iron, and brass, to an inanimate machine moved by fire and water?" How would they have marvelled had the prophet also revealed to them, that an honest Cockney, in the good year 1833, might embark at the Tower Stairs for France, with the sole intent of drinking a bottle of claret, and returning to his desk at a given hour! The music, and dancing, and laughing, and singing, which have supplanted the nausea of a trip to the Nore,or that still more desperate voyage for resolute Londoners, the distant shores of Thanet,-would have exceeded all possibility of belief in the minds of old seamen, who must have witnessed such hundreds of holiday sailors venting their groans, and feeding the fish. Instead of a white sail bounding over the billows on its tack and half-tack, they would stare at the chimney, and its long Tartarian streamer forming a right line over the surface of the waters : "Unlike the common tardy smack, Thus has a great revolution been effected in the theory and practice of navigation before the eyes of the present generation, and a striking alteration has taken place in the activity and aspect of our coastingcommunications. A similar change will, no doubt, follow in maritime warfare; and the glorious pomp and consequence of a fleet will dwindle to the hulls and chimneys of a horde of steam-boats. The force and direction of the wind, in forcing the line of battle, will no longer enter into the elements of calculation, nor will calms suspend the moving power. The future contests will be rather military than naval; and the running-down system of the ancient galleys, with the weight and velocity of fortified stems directed against the broadside of their opponent, as the vulnerable part, is likely to cramp the late practice of raking. Bishop Wilkins formerly expatiated on the grand advantages that would result to mankind from sub-marine navigation,-how secretly people might go about the world,-how they might allure and betray |