SIEGE OF BADAJOZ IN 1812*.

FROM THE REMINISCENCES OF A SUBALTERN.

THE fire against La Picurina was so effective, that by three o'clock in the afternoon of the 25th of March, almost all its batteries on the side of our lines were disorganized, its palisades beaten down, and the fort itself, having more the semblance of a wreck than a fortification of any pretensions, presented to the eye nothing but a heap of ruins; but never was there a more fallacious appearance: the work, although dismantled of its cannon, its parapets crumbling to pieces at each successive discharge from our guns, and its garrison diminished without a chance of being succoured, was still much more formidable than appeared to the eye of a superficial observer. It had yet many means of resistance at its disposal. The gorge, protected by three rows of palisades, was still unhurt; and although several feet of the scarp had been thrown down by the fire from our battering-park, it was, notwithstanding, of a height sufficient to inspire its garrison with a well-grounded confidence as to the result of any effort of ours against it; it was defended by three hundred of the élite of Phillipon's force, under the command of a colonel of Soult's staff, named Gaspard Thiery, who volunteered his services on the occasion. On this day a deserter came over to us from the fort, and gave an exact account of how it was circumstanced.

Colonel Fletcher, the chief engineer, having carefully examined the damage created by our fire, disregarding the perfect state of many of the defences, and being well aware that expedition was of paramount import to our final success, advised that the fort should be attacked after nightfall. Five hundred men of Picton's division, who on this day did the 'duty in the trenches, were ordered to hold themselves in readiness for the assault-eight o'clock was the hour named. At seven the men were arrayed in order, and divided into three detachments of equal proportions; the right column was intrusted to Major Shawe of the 74th; the centre to Captain Powis of the 83d; and the left to Major Rudd of the 77th,-all, officers as well as privates, belonging to the third division. And here I am forced to digress so far as to say, that the officer of the light division who wrote the " Sketch of the Storming of Badajoz," is in error when he says that a part of his corps formed any of those that carried the fort of La Picurinat. If such was the case, it is not at least that I have read-so recorded, except by himself! I was on the spot-was personally acquainted with the greater part of the officers, and, I might add-privates; I did not see one man of the light division amongst the troops destined for the attack, nor do I think -so far as my recollection directs me that Lord Wellington, in his account of that affair, says that the light division bore any part in it. The third division, although never defeated, cannot spare any portion of their hard-earned fame to another; and the gallant light division stand in no need of an auxiliary to commemorate their imperishable deeds in the Peninsula.

At half-past seven o'clock the storming party, consisting of fifteen officers and five hundred privates, stood to their arms. General Kempt, *Concluded from Part I. p. 193. See U. S. Journal for Feb. 1829.

who commanded in trenches, explained to them the duty they had to perform; he did so in his usual clear manner, and every one knew the part he was to fulfil. All now waited with anxiety for the expected signal, which was to be the fire of one gun from No. 4 battery. The evening was settled and calm; no rain had fallen since the 23d; the rustling of a leaf might be heard; and the silence of the moment was uninterrupted except by the French sentinels, as they challenged while pacing the battlements of the outwork; the answer of their comrades, although in a lower tone of voice, well distinguishable, "Tout va bien dans le fort de la Picurina," was heard by the very men who only awaited the signal from a gun to prove that the réponse, although true to the letter, might soon be falsified. The great Cathedral bell of the city at length tolled the hour of eight, and its last sounds had scarcely died away when the signal from the battery summoned the men to their perilous task!—the three detachments sprang out of the works at the same moment, and ran forwards to the glacis; but the great noise which the evolution unavoidably created gave warning to the enemy, already on the alert, and a violent fire of musketry opened upon the assailing columns. One hundred men fell before they reached the outwork; but the rest, undismayed by the loss, and unshaken in their purpose, threw themselves into the ditch, or against the palisades at the gorge. The sappers, armed with axes and crow-bars, attempted to cut away or force down this defence; but the palisades were of such thickness, and so firmly placed in the ground, that before any impression could be made against even the front row, nearly all the men who had crowded to this point were struck dead. Meanwhile, those in charge of the ladders flung them into the ditch, and those below soon placed them upright against the wall; but in some instances they were not of a sufficient length to reach the top of the parapet. The time was passing rapidly, and had been awfully occupied by the enemy; while as yet our troops had not made any progress that could warrant a hope of success. More than two-thirds of the officers and privates were killed or wounded; two out of the three that commanded detachments had fallen; and Major Shawe, of the 74th, was the only one unhurt. All his ladders were too short,-his men, either in the ditch or on the glacis, unable to advance, unwilling to retire, and not knowing what to do, became bewildered ;-the French cheered vehemently, and each discharge swept away many officers and privates. Shawe's situation, which had always been one of peril, now became desperate; he called out to his next senior officer (Captain Oates, of the 88th), and said, "Oates, what are we to do?" but at the instant he was struck in the neck by a bullet, and fell bathed in blood. It immediately occurred to Oates, who now took the command, that although the ladders were too short to mount the wall, they were long enough to go across the ditch! He at once formed the desperate resolution of throwing three of them over the fosse, by which a sort of bridge was constructed; he led the way, followed by the few of his brave soldiers that were unhurt, and, forcing their passage through an embrasure that had been but bolstered up in the hurry of the moment, carried-after a brief, desperate, but decisive conflict-the point allotted to him. Sixty grenadiers of the Italian guard were the first encountered by Oates and his party; they supplicated for mercy, but, either by accident or design, one of them

discharged his firelock, and the ball struck Oates in the thigh;-he fell, and his men, who had before been greatly excited, now became furious when they beheld their commanding officer weltering in his blood. Every man of the Italian guard was put to death on the spot.

Meanwhile Captain Powis's detachment had made great progress, and finally entered the fort by the salient angle. It has been said—and, for aught I know to the contrary, with truth-that it was the first which established itself in the outwork; but this is of little import in the detail, or to the reader. All the troops engaged acted with the same spirit and devotion, and each vied with his comrade to keep up the character of the"fighting division." Almost the entire of the privates and non-commissioned officers were killed or wounded; and of fifteen officers, which constituted the number of those engaged, not one escaped unhurt! Major Rudd's detachment, as also the one commanded by Captain Powis, were composed of soldiers belonging to the different regiments of Picton's division; but that commanded by Major Shawe were, to a man, Connaught Rangers. Of the garrison, but few escaped; the Commandant, and about eighty, were made prisoners; the rest, in endeavouring to escape under the guns of the fortress, or to shelter themselves in San Roque, were either bayoneted or drowned in the Rivellas; but this was not owing to any mismanagement on the part of Count Phillipon. He, with that thorough knowledge of his duty which marked his conduct throughout the siege, had, early in the business, ordered a body of chosen troops to débouche from San Roque, and to hold themselves in readiness to sustain the fort-but the movement was foreseen. A strong column, which had been placed in reserve, under the command of Captain Lindsey, of the 88th, met this reinforcement at the moment they were about to sustain their defeated companions at La Picurina. Not expecting to be thus attacked, these troops became panic-struck, soon fled in disorder, and running, without heed, in every direction, choked up the only passage of escape that was open for the fugitives from the outwork, and by a well-meant, but illexecuted evolution, did more harm than good.

So soon as this last effort to succour the fort was apparent to Phillipon, he caused a violent cannonade to be opened against it, but it was not of long duration; and our engineers, profiting by the quiet which reigned throughout the enemy's batteries, pushed forward the second parallel with great success. A corps of sappers, under my command, were charged with the work of dismantling the fort, and before day we had nearly completed its destruction.

Amongst the officers who fell on this evening, independent of those immediately belonging to the storming party, were two who were much regretted the major of our brigade, Captain Wilde of the 87th, and Lieutenant George Johnston of the 88th. This latter officer was not on duty in the works; but when it was made known to him that his Captain (Oates) was to take a part in the fray, he ran down to join his friend, and with his arm in a sling, and an unhealed wound which he received on the breast at Rodrigo-fell, with many others, in endeavouring to force the gorge of the fort. It was he who so much distinguished himself in the battle of Fuentes d'Onore, when his regiment (the 88th) overthrew the French Imperial Guard *.

See U. S. Journal, Feb. 1831, p. 198.