the recommendations of the Presbytery, but should act finally on its own judgment.-M. G. A. 1884, p. 48.

115 VIII. AID for CollegES AND ACADEMIES.-The Board of Aid for Colleges and Academies of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America was formed in 1883. Its province is to secure an annual offering from the churches for its cause, to co-operate with local agencies in determining sites for new institutions of learning, to decide what institutions shall be aided, to assign to those institutions seeking endowment the special fields open to their appeals, that clashing between them may be avoided, and to discourage all independent appeals to the Church at large.

116 Every institution hereafter established, as a condition of receiving aid, either shall be organically connected with the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, or shall by charter-provision perpetually have two-thirds of its board of control members of the Presbyterian Church.

117 In the case of institutions already established appropriations for endowment shall be made so as to revert to the Board whenever these institutions shall pass from Presbyterian control.—M. G. A. 1883, p. 589.

118 Candidates for the Gospel Ministry.Before a person is received under the care of Presbytery as a candidate he shall be examined as to his piety, his motives in desiring to enter the ministry, and his general qualifications for the work.-M. G. A. O. S. 1860, p. 25.

119 He shall be taken under the care of the Presbytery to which he most naturally belongs-that is, the Presbytery within the bounds of which he has ordinarily resided.—F. G., chap. xiv. sec. ii.

120 But, in case any candidate should find it more convenient to put himself under the care of a Presbytery at a distance from that to which he most naturally belongs, he may be received by the said Presbytery on his producing testimonials, either from the Presbytery within the bounds of which he has commonly resided or from any two ministers of that Presbytery in good standing, of his exemplary piety and other requisite qualifications.-F. G., chap. xiv. sec. ii.

121 If receiving aid from the Board of Education, unless under extraordinary circumstances, he shall receive it only through the Presbytery to which he most naturally belongs.-M. G. A. 1884, p. 77. For the conditions upon which aid is granted to candidates by the Board of Education, see under BOARD OF EDUCATION, Sec. 91.

122 A candidate is subject to the jurisdiction of the Session of the church to which he belongs, the Presbytery directing and having the oversight of his studies and judging his qualification for licensure.—B. D., 19 ; F. G., chap. xiv. sec. i.

123 Candidates shall not pursue their studies in institutions disapproved by the Presbytery under whose care they are.-M. G. A. 1894, p. 125. See Sec. 954.

124 Nor shall they preach unless by authority of their own Presbytery and also of the Presbytery in which they desire to labor.-M. G. A. 1892, p. 111.

125 In 1877 the Assembly, in referring to the suggestion of the Board of Education that all candidates under its care shall be required by their Presbyteries to commit the whole of the Shorter Catechism, commended the suggestion to the consideration of Presbyteries in the conduct of their

examination of candidates when coming under their care.-M. G. A. 1877, p. 535.

126 In 1881 directors of theological seminaries under the care of the Assembly were requested to see to it that candidates under their care shall be prepared for an annual examination in the Shorter Catechism.-M. G. A. 1881, p. 577.

127 In a certificate of dismission of a candidate to a Presbytery, no other than the one designated, if existing, shall receive him.-B. D. 111. See Secs. 976-988.

128 Catechisms.-The Larger and the Shorter Catechism are included in, and constitute an integral part of, our standards. See also Sec. 989.

129 This was affirmed by the Adopting Act in 1788, and afterward by the Assembly in 1832.

130 These Catechisms formed part of the doctrinal basis of the Reunion in 1869.

131 In 1870 the Assembly declared the Heidelberg Catechism to be a valuable scriptural compendium of Christian doctrine and duty, and approved its use in the instruction of their children by any churches that may desire to employ it.-M. G. A. 1870, p. 120.

132 Candidates under the care of the Board of Education are recommended to commit to memory the Shorter Catechisni.-M. G. A. 1877, p. 535.

133 Examination in the Shorter Catechism of students in our theological seminaries is recommended by the General Assembly.-M. G. A. 1880, p. 63.

134 The General Assembly also recommended that it be taught to children and youth; that it may be made a textbook in Sabbath-schools; that candidates under the care of

the Board commit the whole of it to memory; and that Presbyteries be required to see that candidates for licensure be well versed in it.-M. G. A. 1877, p. 535.

135 Censures.-The censures to be inflicted by the Session are admonition, rebuke, suspension or deposition from office, suspension from the communion of the church, and, in the case of offenders who will not be reclaimed by milder measures, excommunication.-B. D., 35.

136 Censures other than suspension from church privileges or excommunication shall be inflicted in such mode as the judicatory may direct.-D. W., chap. xi. sec. viii.

137 The sentence shall be published, if at all, only in the church or churches which have been offended.-B. D., 36.

138 For the mode of inflicting and removing censures, see under DISCIPLINE, Sec. 374-384.

139 Certificates of Dismission.-Sessions are enjoined, on the removal of members beyond the bounds of their organization, to furnish them with testimonials of their standing, and they shall counsel them to transfer their relation immediately or at the earliest opportunity.—M. G. A. O. S. 1869, p. 923. See Secs. 999-1018.

140 A communicant removing from one church to another shall produce a certificate-ordinarily not more than one year old—before he shall be admitted as a regular member of that church.-B. D. 114.

141 The names of the baptized children of a parent seeking admission to another church, if such children are members of his household and remove with him, and are not themselves communicants, shall be included in the cer tificate of dismission.-B. D. 114.

142 Absence from the ordinances of God's house without cause may justify a Session in omitting in the certificate the words "in good and regular standing."-M. G. A. O. S. 1864, p. 328; P. D., p. 641.

143 A suspended member may be dismissed to another church, in case of necessity, by reason of his removal of residence, the certificate stating the circumstances under which it is given.-M. G. A. O. S. 1849, p. 239.

144 In such a case, however, the Session to which the member is dismissed shall not be allowed to review or rejudge the cause for which he was suspended.-M. G. A. O. S. 1849, p. 239.

145 Should a Session refuse to grant a certificate of dismission to a communicant, the Presbytery may direct the Session to furnish one.-M. G. A. 1875, p. 511.

146 If, when ordered by the Presbytery to furnish such certificate, the Session still refuses, the Synod may order the Presbytery to furnish one.-M. G. A. 1875, p. 511.

147 Certificates of dismission must be addressed to a particular church; and when received, the fact should be promptly communicated to the church which gave them.B. D. 114.

148 A member of a church receiving a certificate of dismission shall continue to be a member of the church giving him the certificate, and subject to the jurisdiction of its Session (but shall not deliberate or vote in a churchmeeting nor exercise the functions of any office), until he has become a member of the church to which he is recommended, or some other evangelical church.-B. D. 109.

149

Should he return the certificate within a year from its date, the Session shall make record of the fact; but he