mus, fome by Cajetan, fome by Valla, fome by the Louvaine divines; it is in 2, the Dublin and Berlin MSS.-Against it, It is not in any of Steph. or in the Vat. nor in any seen by Simon. Erafmus fays not that he saw one, nor has any perfon found it. Cajetan was mifinformed, and Valla is misreprefented. The Louvaine divines mean Latin copies. The Dublin MS. is very modern; and the Berlin MS. has been carefully collated by Pappelbaum, and proved to be almost a mere tranfcript from the Complutenfian. Verfions. For it. Vulg.; in all Edit. and moft MSS.; all modern verfions; fuppofed to be in Ital. and Armen.Against it. Arab. Ethiop. Copt. Pers. Rufs. Syr. in all MSS. and fome Edit. Armen. in all ancient copies. Vulg. in many MSS. and the most ancient; in others, differently placed; in Jerome's and Ital. Luther, in fome editions. Zuingl. Bullinger. Eng. edit. till after 1556. Quotations. For it. (Greek.) Dissertation placed in Athanaf. Lateran Council, as from fome Greek copies of the 13th century. Calecas, 14th century. (Latin.) supposed in Tertull. and Cyprian, and Explan. fidei; it is in the Preface to the Catholic Epiftles, Victor Vitens. Vigilius Tapfens. Fulgentius; and is pofitively rejected by none.-Against it. (Greek.) No Antenicene, writer, nor Nicene Council; no writer for above 700 years, though it might often have been for their purpose. (Latin.) No writer for above 800 years. Tertull. and Cypr. are misunderstood. The Preface to the Catholic Epiftles is fpurious and late; all the others are too late. The text could not be pofitively rejected, because it was not known. Editions. For it. Compl. Erafm. 3d, &c. Steph. Beza. and all the common ones derived from these.- -Against it. Erafm. 1ft and 2d. Ald. Haguenau. Strafburg. Colinæus, and feveral derived from thefe. Griefb. Internal. Connexion. For it. The connexion is imperfect, as there would be only witneffes on earth; it is referred to, v. 9. the witnefs of God;" it is a proof of v. 5, 6. and properly begins with iri, v. 7. and not with xa, v. 8.Against it. The connexion requires it not; three witneffes are fufficient, and the apoftle fays not that they are "on earth." V. 9. refers not to this, but to what follows, and the proof does begin with it. The connexion will not bear it; it disjoins v. 6. and v. 8. improperly; and the fame witnefs would be unfairly reckoned twice. Occafion. For it. The text has been omitted by the Arians or Gnoftics, accidentally and eafily; it could not be added from a glofs, because there is no fuch glofs in any Greek MS.Against it. It was a myftical interpretation of v. 8. written on the margin of fome Latin copies; whence it was taken into the text, and tranflated into Greek; it could not easily be omitted accidentally, far lefs fo, generally. CHAP. II. The Explication of Separate Words. 80g. THE first and fimpleft object of explanatory, or interpretative criticifm, is, feparate words. 810. The difficulties in these regard-the combination of letters into words-irregular forms and flexions -the general fignification of words-their different kinds, as nouns, verbs, particles-and the determination of the kind to which they belong; and these several claffes of difficulties fuggeft a natural distribution of this branch of criticism. SECT. SECT. I. The Combination of Letters into Words. 811. THE proper combination of letters into the different words which they were defigned to form, naturally claims our first attention, both by its analogy to corrective criticifm, and by its being fundamental to what is properly explanatory. 812. All ancient MSS. being written without any distances between words, they cannot fhow in what manner the author meant that the words fhould be dif tinguished; and, in diftinguishing them rightly, there is often difficulty; and mistakes may be, and have been, committed. Ken. Diff. Gen. § 28, 124. 813. One word may be, and has fometimes been, improperly divided into two. Pfal. cvi. 7. "They provoked at the fea; " this is עלים,fuperfluous Ken. Diff. Gen. p. 13. n. Mark vi. 25. Give me (avras, literally, "out of her ") the head," &c. So moft MSS.; gas to be fupplied, (Beza); but this is an awkward phrafe.- "immediately," 814. Two words may be, and have been improper ly united into one. Pfal. lxxiii. 4. "No bands (diftreffes) into their death," this is obfcure.-on, “happen to them; perfe& and firm is their ftrength." Merrick, addenda. 815. Letters, which belong to the end of one word, have been separated from it, and joined to the beginning of the fubfequent word. ) wife 1 Chron. ii. 18. "Caleb begat Azubah ( n Ken. Diff. 1. p. 482. 816. Letters, which belong to the beginning of one word, have been added to the end of the preceding word. ,ומשפטיך אור Hof. vi. 5. TUDU," And thy judgments the light goeth forth;" this gives no sense.— 'vDwir, “ And my judgment fhall go forth as the light," all ancient Verf. except Vulg. Ken. Diff. 1. p. 517. 817. When, in later MSS. and in editions, words came to be written with diftances between them, they were distinguished only according to the judgment of the tranfcribers and editors, who had no other means of direction than we still have; and, therefore, their judgment has no authority, further than it appears to be well founded; and, when they differ, the difference ought to be impartially examined. |