flowing river. Pfal. Ixxiv. 15. "Thou driedft up mighty waters," the everflowing rivers. Exod. xiv. 27. "The fea returned to his frength," uninterrupted flowing.

2. "Durable, permanent. Mic. vi. 2. "Hear, ye frong (durable) foundations of the earth."

3. "Fat, full of moisture." Job xxxiii. 19. "Man is chaftened with pain upon his bed, and the multitude of his bones frong; Eng. " bones with ftrong pain;" rather, "multitude of his fat bones. "

4. "Inexhauftibly rich and profperous." Job xii. 19. "And overthroweth the mighty;" but they are spoken of v. 21. here, the opulent. So Num. xxiv. 21, Jer. xlix. 19.

ch. 1. 44.

Schultens, Orig. Heb. T. 1. c. 8.

209. The Kindred Languages point out roots, by showing fuch to be in use, which, though found in the Bible, have been overlooked, whose derivatives have therefore been irregularly afcribed to other roots, and whofe fignification has been erroneously either transferred to these others, or borrowed from them, or is left fluctuating and uncertain.

Schultens, Orig. Heb. T. 1. c. 4.

TYD (Arab.) but overlooked in Hebrew, and confounded with, yet occurs thrice. It fignifies "to fhatter, to break into pieces, to break with scattering or diffipation ; " which fuits all these places. Jer. xxiii. 29. " Is not my word like a hammer (xx5') that (it) breaketh in pieces the rock?" Habak. iii. 6. " He beheld and drove asunder the nations; (D) and the everlasting mountains were fcattered," broken in pieces-a bolder figure. Job xvi. 12. "He hath taken me by my neck (DYD") and hath fbaken (broken) me to pieces."

210. These languages afcertain the precife fignification of roots, and, confequently, of their derivatives, which are acknowledged in the Bible, and perhaps occur frequently; but, whofe fignifications have been fixed only by conjecture, and are, on that account, indefinite, precarious, or fluctuating.

Schultens de Defect. Ling. Heb. ib. § 43, &c.

15, with which YD (No. 209) has been confounded, has been
rendered, "to fcatter, difperfe, diffipate. "But in Ara-
bic (prim.) "to overflow, " (fec.) "to abound, to weep
plentifully." 2 Sam. xviii. 8. " The battle was there
(D) Scatterred over (had overflowed) the face of all the
country;" a beautiful figure, from a river. Job xl. 11. DIT
"Caft abroad the rage (2 the fwellings) of thy wrath."
(Make the fwellings of thy wrath to overflow) a beautiful
figure. Zech. i. 17. (Eng.) "My cities through prosperi
ty fhall yet be spread abroad." Not fuitable, for man is
active. (My cities fhall yet overflow with good.)
Schultens, ib. T. 1. c. 4.

Doccurs often, is rendered inconftantly; fometimes "to
fcatter, to scatter by breaking in pieces," which are the
fenfes of 15 and xy. But Arab. Syr. Chald. " to shake, to
shake out by motion; " so sometimes by 70. Aqu. and Theod.
rendered xtoow, which fuits all the texts. 1 Kings v. 9.
"I will cause them (the trees brought by sea in floats) to be
difcharged;" the figure loft-("fhake them out of the
floats") 70. Taka. Chald. 18 projiciam eas. Ifa.
xxx. 30. "The Lord fhall fhew the lighting down of his
arm, with the flame of a devouring fire, (3) fcattering,"
("fhaking out; ") the world by trembling fhaken out of its
place (a noble image) " and tempeft, and hailftones." Gen.
ix. 19. "Of them was the whole earth overspread" (MD)).
"From them the whole earth book out its whole offspring ;
ex his excuffit fe univerfa terra-a beautiful metaphor.

Judg.

2.

Schultens, ib.

Chald.

Ifa. xi. 12. xxxiii. 3. li. 20. Pfal. ii. 9.

aba occurs five times in Hiphil. The verfions fluctuate. Arab. (prim.) "to fhine like the rifing fun." (fec.) 1. (in different conjugations) "To fhine in general, to be clear, or ferene, or manifeft, to render clear or ferene." "To laugh, to be glad, to remove or allay forrow. Job ix. 27. "I will forget my complaint, I will leave off my heaviness," max. 70. "I will figh." Vulg. "I am wrung with forrow. Syr. Arab. "I am prefed with fraits. " "I will be confirmed."" Eng. "I will comfort myself." Literally, "I will lay afide my forrowful face, and I will (prim.) make it to Jbine like the fun;" or, (fec.) "render it ferene." Job x. 20. "Let me alone," man. 70. "that 1 may take reft." Vulg. " bewail my forrow. "Arab. "take breath. " Syr. folace myself, and reft." Chald. "reft. Eng. "take comfort. Rather, make (my face) to fine." Pfal. xxxix. 13. "O fpare me,"

"Ofpare

"that I may be cooled or refreshed. "

ix. 70. and Vulg.

Syr. Arab. as in

the former text. Chald. " and I will depart. Eng. "that I may recover frength. " Rather, make (my face) to fbine; or, "to be ferene." Jer. viii. 18. Eng." (When) I would comfort myself (nan) againft forrow, my heart is faint in me. "" 70. Arab. "Incurable with the forrow

mocked. "

Rather,

of your fainting heart." Vulg. "My forrow is above forTOW. Syr. "I am worn away. Chald. "Because they Making (defiring) me (fec. 1.) to render my face ferene," (i. e, O thou who defireft, &c.) "above my forrow, my heart becomes faint in me;" or better (fec. 2.) thou who laugheft at my forrow." Amós, v. g. by tw abant.

70. Arab. Diftributing, bruifing upon ftrength." Aq. Vulg. "Mocking devastation upon the strong." Syr. "Giving dominion.

Eng. "That ftrengtheneth the spoiled (Grot. Drus. Vat.
"the fpoiler, "-wrong) against the ftrong. " Rather,
(prim.) Who maketh devaftation to break forth like the
dawn (i. e. fuddenly) upon the mighty;" a beautiful figure,
and ufed Joel ii. 2.
Ifa. xlvii. II.

211. The kindred languages afford the best (and where the ancient verfions vary in translating them, the only) means of determining with certainty, the fignification of fuch words as occur but once, or very feldom, in the Bible.

212. The kindred languages point out the true meaning of fome words, whether primitives or derivatives, to which wrong fignifications have been affixed in the Bible.

Isa. xviii. 2. « Whofe lands the rivers N72;" fuppofed irre-
gular for 1, (which is found in one MS.) Eng. "have
spoiled;" but this irregularity unexampled. (Schult. Gram.
P. 491.) Arab. 3, "to lift itself up, to bring under it. "
Hence, have brought under them, or "overflowed. "
But 2 Syr. and 2 Chald. fignifies "a teat; " so that
the verb may mean,
"have nourished;
the Nile fertilizing Egypt.

Lowth's Ifaiah in loc.

very applicable to

213. The kindred languages enable us to discover all the fenfes of words, fome of whofe fignifications only have been collected from the Bible, though others of them would better fuit particular paffages; and, by this means, both explain these paffages, and illuftrate the connexion between roots and their derivatives.

214. In particular, thefe languages difcover the primary fignification of many roots, even fuch as are moft commonly used, whofe fecondary fenfes alone have been attended to, though the primary fenfe would throw light on fome texts.

3 very common, rendered " to be great.
"to twist. " Hence

But Arab. (prim.)

Deut. xxii. 12. " fringes. 1 Kings vii. 17. "chain-work, i. e. twisted threads.

(Sec.) 1. "Sinewy, brawny, compact, elegant," in the human make. Exod. xv. 16. " By the greatnefs (brawninefs, firmnefs) of thine arm, they shall be as ftill as a ftone. "

2. "To ftruggle, wreftle, fight. " Job vii. 17. "What is man that thou shouldft magnify (struggle) with him?"-con

text.

Schultens, Defect. ling. Heb. § 202, &c.

py, very common, "to be juft;" but this only a fecondary fenfe. Arab. (prim.) "To be ftiff, inflexible;" alfo "to be inflexibly ftraight. Hence metaphorically," to be just, true." Ifa. xlix. 24. "Shall paw (literally) the captives of the just one be delivered?" but the devil is here meant. Eng. "the lawful captive;" but this would be unjuft. "The captives of the inflexible, rigid, or inexorable one."

Schultens, ib. § 217, &c.

Eccles. vii. 16. Be not righteous overmuch. "—objectionable. "Be not too rigid or inflexible. ”

Schultens, ib. Hammond, Grotius, Patrick, and others, in loco.

215. The kindred languages are the only, or the moft fuccefsful, means of leading us to understand the meaning of phrafes, or idiomatical combinations of words, which are found in the Bible, and the pre

cife