advised them to assemble every man produced by the vine, Lev. x. 9. So of Israel capable of bearing arms; were the Nazarites during the term and that Absalom should command of their vow, Numb. vi. 3. The them in person: he pretended, that whole Hebrew nation were to abwith this huge host, they should stain from the flesh of animals dewithout fail ruin David and his party, clared unclean by the law; and from whether they found him in a city or the fat of such as were sacrificed to a field. the Lord; and from the blood of all,

Hushai's advice was approved of and Lev. xi. and iii. 17. and vii. 23. To followed. Absalom collected his commemorate the shrinking of the troops, marched over Jordan to at- sinew of Jacob's thigh, when touchtack his father: a battle was fought ed by the angel, they voluntarily forin the wood of Ephraim: his raw, bore eating of the correspondent siundisciplined host was easily defeat- new in animals, Gen. xxxii. 25.-ed, under the providence of God, The apostles enjoined the Gentile by his father's veteran troops. The converts to refrain from eating of wood tore vast numbers of them blood, and things sacrificed to idols, to pieces, or otherwise occasioned Acts xv. 28.

their ruin. David had ordered his ABUBUS, father of Ptolemy, who warriors to spare the life of his re-procured the death of Simon Maccabellious son; but riding through the bæus, his father-in-law, 1 Mac. xvi. wood, under the thick boughs of an 11. oak, a branch caught hold of his high

ABUNDANCE, a great deal of valued hair, and hung him by it, any thing, 2 Chron. ix. 9. Rom. v. while his mule went away from un-17. 2 Cor. xii. 7. Great wealth, der him. Informed of this, Joab Deut. xxviii. 47. The abundance of hasted to the place, and put an end the seas is plenty of fishes, and of to his life. He had erected a proud profits arising from sea-trade, Deut. monument to perpetuate his fame; xxxiii. 19. See ABOUND. but had not the honour to be buried ABUNDANT, very large, as an in it. His corpse was cast into a overflowing stream, 1 Pet. i. 3. pit, as the carcass of an ass, and a To ABUSE, to use persons or great heap of stones thrown over things from wrong ends or motives; him. Whether his father, who so or in a sinful or dishonourable manlamented his death, removed it to a ner, Judg. xix. 25. Men abuse themmore honourable sepulchre, we know selves with mankind, when they comnot-2 Sam, xiii. xiv, xv. xvi. xvij.mit the horrid sin of Sodom, which and xviii. brought ruin on that and the cities ABSALON, the ambassador of Ju-around, 1 Cor. vi, 9. Men abuse the das Maccabæus, to Lysias, general world, when they use the good things of the army of Antiochus Eupator, of it to dishonour God, and gratify 2 Macc. xi. 17. their own lusts, 1 Cor. vii. 31.

ABSENT, out of one's sight or ABYSS, or deep. Hell is called presence, Gen. xxxi. 49. Col. ii. 5. by this name in scripture : as are likeThe saints on earth are absent from wise the deepest parts of the sea, the Lord; they enjoy not the imme- and the chaos, which in the begindiate vision and fellowship of Jesus ning of the world was covered with Christ, and of God in him, as those darkness, and upon which the Spirit in heaven do, 2 Cor. v. 6. of God moved, Gen. i. 2. ABSTAIN, to forbear using. AB- The abyss, or hell, is the abode of deSTINENCE is strictly a forebearing of vils and wicked men: "I saw," says the use of food, Acts xxvii. 22. Dur- St. John, in the Revelation, "a star ing their sacred ministrations, the fall from heaven, and to him was giJewish priests were to abstain from ven the key of the bottomless pit: wine and grapes, and every thing and he opened the bottomless pit, and

there arose a smoke out of it, as the To ACCEPT, (1.) To receive fa smoke of a great furnace, which ob-vourably, Mal. i. 10-13. (2.) To scured the sun and air; and there take pleasure in, Jer. xiv. 10. (3.) came out of the smoke locusts, which To be esteemed highly, Luke iv. 24. scattered themselves over the whole To be accepted of God, is to be receiv earth. And they had a king over ed into his grace and favour, Acts x. them, which is the angel of the bot-35. The saints are accepted in the betomless pit, whose name is the De- loved; through faith in Jesus Christ, stroyer." And in another place the they are received into the divine beast is represented to us as ascend-favour, and entitled to all the blessing out of the bottomless pit, and mak-ings of eternal life, Eph. i. 6. The ing war against the "two witnesses sinful accepting of persons, is the of God." Lastly, "the angel of the showing them partial respect in judg Lord came down from heaven, with ment or otherwise, on account of the key of the bottomless pit, and a some carnal circumstances and mogreat chain in his hand; be laid hold tives, Prov. xviii. 5. on the dragon, that old serpent, which ACCESS, free admission; unobis the devil and Satan, and cast him structed entrance. Our access to a into the bottomless pit, and shut him gracious state, and to God, is through up, and set a seal upon him, that he Christ, as our ransom and way; by should deceive the nations no more the Spirit, discovering to us the pertill the thousand years should be ful- son and fulness of Christ; and giving filled; and after that he should be joy and peace in believing in him loosed a little season," Rev. ix. 1. and xx. 1, 2.

as the Lord our righteousness and strength, Eph. ii. 18. Rom. v. 2. ACCHO, was a city of Galilee, on the coast of the Mediterranean sea, about 32 miles south of Tyre. It was built on a plain, but had mountains surrounding it on all sides, except towards the sea; on the south was Carmel; on the east the mountains of Galilee; and on the north the

Fountains and rivers, in the opinion of the Hebrews, are derived from the abyss or sea. They issue from hence through invisible channels, and return through others of their own forming upon the earth. At the time of the deluge, the deeps below, or the waters of the sea, broke down their banks, the fountains forced their ladder of Tyre about 12 miles dissprings, and spread over the earth, while at the same time the cataracts of heaven were opened, and overflowed the whole world.

The abyss which covered the earth in the beginning of the world, and was put in agitation by the Spirit of God, or by an impetuous wind, was so called by way of anticipation, because it afterwards composed the sea, and the waters of the abyss issued from it, and were formed by the flowing of it; or rather, the earth sprung up out of the midst of this abyss, like an island rising out of the sea, and appearing suddenly to our eyes, after having been for along time concealed under water.

ACCAD, a pitcher, a spark, a city of Babylon, built by Nimrod, Gen. x. 30. The Septuagint call it ARCHAD.

tant. It had a fine harbour, and on the north of it the river Belus; and the seashore afforded great quantities of sand for making of glass. It was given to the tribe of Asher; but they suffered the Canaanites to continue in it, Judg. i. 31. It made no great figure till Ptolemy Philadelphus, king of Egypt, rebuilt it, and called it ProLEMAIS; after which it often shared in the distresses of the Syrian war. The Christian religion was early es tablished here; and here Paul visited the saints in his way to Jerusalem, Acts xxi. 7. Church history informs us, that here were bishops in the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th centuries of the Christian era. In the 12th and 13th centuries it was a place of great strength, and was the object of no small contention between the Maho

ACCORDING, (1.)Agreeably to, 2 Tim. i. 9. (2.) Even as; in proportion to, Acts iv. 35. God rewards all men according to their works; that is, agreeably to the nature of their works, whether good or bad, 2 Tim. i. 9. Tit iii. 5. 1 Cor. v. 10. Rev. xxii. 12.

metans and the Europeans in the cru-mony and agreement, Acts i. 14. and sades. It began about that time to ii. 46. and v. 12. be called St. Jean de Acre; and here the knights of St. John of Jerusalem It fortified themselves a long time. was for about 300 years subject to the Turks, and is still remarkable for a deal of magnificent ruins of palaces, castles, and about 30 churches. It has an old church, and a bishop of the Greek church. The Popish monks have an inn, which serves them in-value, Deut. ii. 11. stead of a convent.

To ACCOUNT, to reckon, judge, The Hebrews made account for the paschal lamb; In the close of the eighteenth cen- every eater paid his share of the tury, it was taken from the Turks by price, Exod. xii. 14. To put a thing a number of French troops, and sus- to one's account, is to charge it to as his debt; or reckon it to tained a memorable siege under their him cautious and intrepid general; but is him as his good deed, Philem. 18. To take account, is now, through the aid and influence Phil. iv. 17. of the English, restored to its former to search into and judge a matter, masters. The fortifications of this Matt. xviii. 23. To give account, is ancient city, whatever they were in to have our conduct tried, whether former times, consist at present of it be reasonable and lawful, or not, only a few low towers, mounted with Rom. xiv. 12. Heb. xiii. 17. 1 Pet. rusty canon towards the sea; and iv. 5. God giveth not account of his on the land side, of a wretched gar-matters: he does not ordinarily inden wall, without any ditch. The form his creatures of the reasons and bay, or harbour, which extends in a circumstances of his conduct; nor is semicircle of three leagues, as far as he under any obligation to do it, mount Carmel, is open to the N. W. Job xxxiii. 13. winds yet the port is reckoned one

ACCURSED. The Hebrew word

of the best, and the town is one of, and the Greek áváteμa, which the principal ones, upon this dreary coast. It was here that our king Edward I. when prince, received a wound from a poisoned arrow, and was cured by his wife Eleanor, who sucked out the poison. The Armenian and European merchants have their respective places of worship here, and carry on a pretty profitable What might trade with the Arabs. this place have been ere now, had Christianity continued to flourish in it as it did at first!

our version often renders accursed, signifies persons or things separated to destruction; and with Jews and Christians marked the highest degree of excommunication. They generally implied the cutting off a person from the community of the faithful, the number of the living, or the privileges of society; and of a thing from existence or common use. The cities of king Arad, the seven nations of Canaan, the sacrifice of false gods, were accursed, or devoted to destruction, Numb. xxi. 2, 3. Deut. vii. 2, The Hebrews 26. Exod. xxii. 19. devoted to a curse such persons as did not assist in punishing the Benjamites, Judg. xxi. 5. Saul devoted such in his host as should taste any food beACCORD, of its, or his own ac-fore sun-set, while he pursued the cord; freely, without pains or con- Philistines, 1 Sam. xiv. 24. Above straint, Lev. xxv. 5. 2 Cor. viii. 17. forty Jews laid themselves under a With one accord, with universal har- curse if they did eat or drink before

ACCOMPLISH, (1.) To perform; FULFIL; fully execute, Jer. xliv. 25. (2.) To bring to pass what is desired, purposed, or promised, Prov. xiii. 9. (3.) To finish; so days are accomplished, Acts xxi. 5. Luke ii. 6.

they had killed Paul, Acts xxiii. 12, consience, and one another; he, in 13. Nothing devoted to the Lord, every age, charges the saints with under the form of a curse could be manifold crimes, Rev. xii. 10. redeemed, Lev. xxvii. 28, 29. The ACELDAMA, the field of blood, wealth of Jericho was accursed; the a field said to have been on the south gold, silver, brass, and iron, were of Jerusalem, just north of the rivupurified by fire, and set apart to let SHILOAH. It is said to have the service of God, and the rest been the same with the fuller's field, devoted to ruin, Josh. vi. 16, 19. where they whitened their cloth, Isa. and vii. 1. The hanged malefactors vii. 3. It is certain it was the potter's were accursed of God, devoted to field, whence they digged their mapublic punishment, and an emblem of terials: its soil being quite exhaustJesus dying under the curse, Deut. ed by them, it was of very small xxi. 23. To promote the salvation value. When Judas brought back the of his Jewish brethren, Paul could thirty pieces of silver, which he had have wished himself accursed from received for betraying his Master, Christ; not cast into hell, but be cast the high priest and rulers pretended out of the church, and made a tem- it was not lawful to cast it into the saporary monument of God's wrath, cred treasury, as it was the price of Rom. ix. 3. Moses too is thought to blood, and purchased with it this have offered himself to ruin for the field to bury strangers in; and so it preservation of Israel; but he pro- came to be called Acelduma, or Habably only wished that he might not keldama, the field of blood; Zech. xi. outlive the destruction of his people, 12, 13. Matt. xxvii. 8. Acts. i.. Exod. xxxii. 32. Haters of Christ, 18. Travellers assure us, that it is and preachers of righteousness by the now covered with an arched roof, works of the law, are accursed, Isa. and will consume a corpse in two or lxv. 20. Gal. i. 8, 9. To be Anathe-three days.

ma Maranatha, is to be finally sepa ACHAIA, grief, trouble, a country rated from Christ and the saints, and of the Greeks in Europe. Sometimes devoted to everlasting punishment it was taken largely, and answered by him at his second coming, 1 Cor. to Grecia proper, now called Livaxvi. 22. To call Jesus accursed, is to dia: but Achaia proper was a very account him a deceiver, and act to- small canton on the south of Greece, wards him as such in our profession, and north of the Peloponesus or Moor practice, 1 Cor. xii. 3. rea. Its capital and only city of

To ACCUSE, to charge with a note, was Corinth. Gallio was the crime, Dan. iii. 8. ACCUSATION is Roman deputy here when Paul either the act of charging a person preached the gospel, and founded with a fault or the charge itself, various Christian congregations, Luke xix. 8. 1 Tim. v. 19. Men's Acts xviii. 1-12. 2 Cor. i. 1. thoughts accuse them, when their con- ACHAICUS, sadness, a disciple science charges their sins on them, of Paul, whom he recommended to and fills them with pain, shame, and the Corinthians, 1 Cor. xvi. 17. fear on account of them, Rom. ii. 15. ACHAN, or ACHAR, bruising, Moses accused the Jews in Christ's trouble, a descendant of Judah by time: his law pointed out and con-Zerah, Zabdi, Carmi. At the taking demned them for their hatred of of Jericho, he, contrary to the exChrist, who was prefigured in it, press charge of JOSHUA, coveted John v. 45. Satan is the accuser of part of the accursed spoil. Having the brethren before God day and night, seized a Babylonish garment, a without ceasing, he, by his agents, wedge of gold, and two hundred sheaccused the primitive Christians be-kels of silver, he concealed them in fore the civil magistrates; and to his tent. Offended with his crime, God, to the world, to their own and to deter others from secret wick

edness, God showed his abhorrence ACHISH, or ABIMELECH, it is cerof it in the defeat of three thousand tain, king or lord of the Philistines Hebrews before AI, and the slaugh- of Gath. To avoid Saul's persecuter of thirty-six of them. Filled tion, David retired to Gath. The with grief, Joshua and the elders of courtiers represented to Achish, that Israel rent their clothes, and cried to this David had killed Goliah, and the Lord for help. The Lord in-been celebrated as a noted destroyer formed Joshua, that one of the people of their nation. Informed of these had taken of the accursed spoil, and insinuations, David, to secure himhid it among his stuff; till the disco- self, meanly counterfeited madness. very and punishment of which, they Achish hinted to his servants that should have no assistance from him. they had no reason to be afraid, and By the direction of God, the whole himself had no need of a fool to assembly of Israel sanctified them- make sport to him: He ordered them selves, and prepared for a solemn to expel him from the city.-About search on the morrow: the search four years after, David returned to was referred to the determination of Gath. Achish, either the same who the lot: First, the tribe of Judah; had formerly contemned him, or his next, the family of Zerah; next, the son, gave him a friendly recepfamily of Zabdi; and lastly, Achan tion. He assigned him and his warhimself was taken: admonished of riors Ziklag, one of his cities, to Joshua, he ingenuously confessed his dwell in. Almost two years after, offence; and, it is hoped, truly repent- he required David and his warriors ed of it. The stolen goods were to assist him and the Philistines, brought, and publicly exposed to against Saul and the Hebrews, and the view of the assembly; then he promised to make them his lifeand his children, who probably con- guard. The other lords of the Phicurred in the theft, and all his cattle, listines absolutely refused to allow were, for the terror of others, pub- David and his men to serve in their licly stoned to death, and the dead army. Achish, therefore, discreetly bodies, with his household furniture, dismissed them to their home, Psal. burnt to ashes in the valley of Gilgal, xxxiv. tit. 1 Sam. xxi. xxvii. xxviii. called from that event ACHOR, that and xxix.

is, trouble; and a great heap of stones ACHMETHA. Some think it sigcast on them, 1 Chron. ii. 5-7. nifies Ecbatana, the capital or chief Josh. vii. city of Media, built by Dejoces or ACHBOR, enclosing the well, a rat, Phraortes, and surrounded with a one of king Josiah's officers, who sevenfold wall of different colours was sent to consult the prophetess and unequal height. But perhaps Huldah concerning the book of the it signifies but a strong box or press, law found by Hilkiah, 2 Kings xxii. in which the old rolls of the Medo14. Persian court were deposited, Ezra

ACHIM, revenging or conforming, vi. 2. son of Zadok, and father of Eliud, ACHOR, trouble, the valley near of the tribe of Judah, and family of Jericho, where ACHAN was stoned. David, Matt. i. 14.

ACHIMELECH, see ABIMELECH. ACHIOR, brother of light, or fire, general of the Ammonites, who joined the army of Holofernes, Judith v. 2, 3, &c.

The valley of Achor being a rest for flocks, and a door of hope, imports, that under the gospel, chiefly during the thousand years' reign of the saints, the issue of discouraging troubles, and the ordinances and influences of ACHIRAM, or AHIRAM, chief of God's grace, shall afford restful pas one of the families of the tribe of Ben-ture to his people, and encourage jamin, when they came out of E-their solid hope of the heavenly bliss; gypt, Numb. xxvi. 38. even as the Hebrews' first encamp