Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and ConservationAnthony Larkum, Robert J. Orth, Carlos Duarte Springer Science & Business Media, 22 févr. 2007 - 676 pages Seagrasses are unique plants; the only group of flowering plants to recolonise the sea. They occur on every continental margin, except Antarctica, and form ecosystems which have important roles in fisheries, fish nursery grounds, prawn fisheries, habitat diversity and sediment stabilisation. Over the last two decades there has been an explosion of research and information on all aspects of seagrass biology. However the compilation of all this work into one book has not been attempted previously. In this book experts in 26 areas of seagrass biology present their work in chapters which are state-of–the-art and designed to be useful to students and researchers alike. The book not only focuses on what has been discovered but what exciting areas are left to discover. The book is divided into sections on taxonomy, anatomy, reproduction, ecology, physiology, fisheries, management, conservation and landscape ecology. It is destined to become the chosen text on seagrasses for any marine biology course. |
Table des matières
Ecological and Reproductive Processes | 35 |
Concluding Remarks | 44 |
Seagrass Morphology Anatomy and Ultrastructure 5187 | 51 |
Reproductive Morphology and Anatomy | 69 |
Water Movement in Seagrass Leaves and Roots | 81 |
Pollination | 89 |
Pollen | 96 |
Pollen Tubes Embryonic and Seedling Development | 102 |
Summary | 341 |
Acknowledgements | 342 |
Use of Spaceborne and Airborne Sensors 347359 | 347 |
Principles of Remote Sensing of Seagrass Ecosystems | 350 |
Optical Properties of the Overlying Water Column | 351 |
Physical Definitions | 353 |
Methodological Approaches to Assessing Seagrass Ecosystem Characteristics from Remote Sensing | 355 |
Conclusions Recommendations and Outlook | 357 |
Ecology of Seagrass Seeds and Dispersal Strategies 111133 | 111 |
Seed Recruitment and Seedling Establishment | 122 |
Acknowledgments | 128 |
Seagrass Beds and Coastal Biogeochemistry 135157 | 135 |
Mineralization of Organic Matter and Nutrient Cycling | 145 |
Summary and Future WorkOutlook | 151 |
Carbon Flux in Seagrass Ecosystems 159192 | 159 |
Ecosystem Carbon Budgets and Carbon Sinks | 179 |
Summary and Future Work | 185 |
Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecologyfrom Molecules | 193 |
Processes at the Shoot Level mmcm | 200 |
HydrodynamicallyMediated Processes at the Landscape Level | 212 |
Summary and Outlook | 218 |
Nutrients Dynamics in Seagrass Ecosystems 227254 | 227 |
Nutrient Fluxes in Seagrass Ecosystems | 235 |
Nutrient Limitation and Nutrient Imbalances | 243 |
Oxygen Movement in Seagrasses 255270 | 255 |
Internal Movement of Oxygen | 263 |
Dynamics of Seagrass Stability and Change 271294 | 271 |
from Apical Meristems to Meadows | 272 |
Shoot Dynamics | 275 |
Clones and Patch Dynamics | 281 |
Gap Dynamics | 283 |
Dynamics of Seagrass Meadows at Different Time Scales | 284 |
Forecasting Seagrass Dynamics | 290 |
Basic Concepts for Understanding How Light Affects Seagrasses and Makes them Measurable from Space 295301 | 295 |
Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters | 300 |
References | 301 |
Light and Photosynthesis in Seagrass Meadows 303321 | 303 |
Radiation Transfer and Light Interception | 304 |
Leaf Optical Properties | 307 |
Radiative Transfer and Submerged Plant Canopies | 309 |
Irradiance Distributions Within the Seagrass Canopy | 311 |
Productivity and Carbon Balance in Submerged Plant Canopies | 312 |
Leaf Orientation Canopy Density and SelfShading | 313 |
Effects of Water Quality on Seagrass Productivity and Distribution | 315 |
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Seagrass Productivity | 316 |
Acknowledgment | 319 |
Photosynthesis and Metabolism in Seagrasses at the Cellular Level 323345 | 323 |
Photosynthetic Adaptations to Marine Submergence | 324 |
Inorganic Carbon Uptake Mechanisms | 325 |
Rates of C₁ Uptake | 326 |
Photosynthetic Efficiency LightHarvesting and the Package Effect | 328 |
Mechanisms of CO2 Fixation CAM Photorespiration and Oxygen Cycles | 329 |
Fluorescence Studies | 330 |
Leaf Anatomy Oxygen Effects and Depth Limitations in Seagrasses | 337 |
Initial Photosynthetic Products in Seagrass Leaves | 338 |
Storage and Utilisation | 339 |
Secondary Metabolites and Chemotaxonomy | 340 |
References | 358 |
Biology Ecology and Management 361386 | 361 |
Ecology | 370 |
Management and Restoration | 372 |
Future Research Needs | 378 |
Biology of Posidonia 387408 | 387 |
Systematics | 388 |
Development of Meadows and Patches | 391 |
Paradigms and Recent Advances | 409 |
Plant Development | 416 |
Population Dynamics | 422 |
Conclusions | 430 |
Epiphytes of Seagrasses 441461 | 441 |
Factors Affecting Distribution and Abundance | 450 |
Conclusions | 456 |
The Central Role of Grazing in Seagrass Ecology 463501 | 463 |
A Delicate Balance | 481 |
Alternate Stable States in Seagrass Ecosystems? | 488 |
Seagrasses Fish and Fisheries 503536 | 503 |
Comparison of Abundance Diversity Growth and Survival of Fish in Seagrass Habitats with Other Nearshore Habitats | 505 |
Spatial ScalesFactors Influencing Abundance of Fish in Seagrass Beds | 509 |
Temporal Scales Factors Influencing Abundance of Fish in Seagrass Beds | 516 |
Links Between Seagrass and Fisheries | 517 |
Conservation and Management Issues | 524 |
Future Research Directions | 527 |
Acknowledgments | 530 |
Predation in Seagrass Beds 537550 | 537 |
Effects of Seagrass on PredatorPrey Interactions in Evolutionary Time | 545 |
Summary | 546 |
References | 547 |
Decline and Recovery of Seagrass EcosystemsThe Dynamics of Change 551565 | 551 |
Loss of Seagrass Beds | 552 |
Why did We Lose Seagrasses in Cockburn Sound Whereas Seagrass Area has Expanded on Neighbouring Parmelia and Success Banks? | 556 |
Florida Bay | 560 |
Can Seagrass Management be Proactive? | 562 |
Eutrophication Sedimentation and Contamination 567593 | 567 |
Anthropogenic Stressors | 568 |
Management of Anthropogenic Pollutants | 584 |
Recommended Research Directions | 586 |
Summary | 587 |
An Interdisciplinary Science | 595 |
The State of Seagrass Science Relative | 604 |
ScienceBased Protection Approaches | 610 |
Summary and Outlook | 617 |
New Contributions | 625 |
Terrestrial vs Marine Landscapes | 635 |
641 | |
Epilogue | 647 |
Autres éditions - Tout afficher
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation Anthony Larkum,Robert J. Orth,Carlos Duarte Aucun aperçu disponible - 2013 |
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation Anthony W. D. Larkum,Robert J. Orth,Carlos Duarte Aucun aperçu disponible - 2011 |