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Progressive Reading and Translation 2.
(The English is at page 199.)

NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR NUMBER.

fou, bijou, hôpital, vitrail, détail, coucou, bail, clou, chou, général, bal, journal, attirail, caillou, travail, bocal, soupirail, bambou, rail, provençal, licou, corail, réal, portail, signal, poitrail, indou, gouvernail, total, émail, trou, vassal, amiral, tou-tou, matou, caporal, éventail, végétal, sou, principal, mal, confessionnal, canal, cardinal, ciel, tramail, œil, original.

NOUNS IN THE PLURAL NUMBER.

Rules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

élèves, soldats, couteaux, maîtres, écoles, bancs, camps, ennemis, arbres, chevaux, nations, victoires, mensonges, créneaux, hiboux, examens, sous, arsenaux, berceaux, travaux, essieux, oiseaux, portails, visages, feux, trous, yeux, rideaux, moineaux, tableaux, émaux, tribunaux, vaisseaux, cadeaux, rubans, courtisaus, reines, tyrans, enfants, oncles, jardins, jeux, dents, amis, boisseaux, éventails, régals, cheveux, habits, robes, mendiants, défauts, joujoux, châteaux, vœux, sœurs, femmes, comtesses, princes, marchands, canaux, erreurs, crimes, soirées, pouvoirs, voyageurs, bâtons, hommes, plumes, précautions, salons, jours, villes, métaux, plats, mains, nuits, bracelets, agents, palmiers, pommiers, chameaux, papiers, cristaux, genoux, aïeux, hameaux, qualités.

Progressive Exercise 2.

Write out the words in the above translation, spelling the words in the singular in the plural, according to Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, and exceptions; and the plural words in the singular.

CHAPTER II.

THE ARTICLE.

DEFINITION.-The article is a small word prefixed to nouns to

make their meaning more precise.

The article may be said to be:

DEFINITE [the], le, la, l', les.
INDEFINITE [a or on], un, une.

PARTITIVE [some or any], du, de la, de l',

des.

Rule 8.-The definite article agrees in number and gender with the noun to which it is prefixed; it is declined thus:

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EXAMPLES.

of the father,
du père,
of the mother,
de la mère,

of the angel,
de l'ange,
of the water,
de l'eau,

of the lobster, du homard, of the shame, de la honte, of the man, de l'homme,

of the hour, de l'heure,

des pères, des mères,

les anges,

des anges, des eaux,

les hontes, les hommes, les heures,

des homards, des hontes,

des hommes, des heures,

to the father, au père.

to the mother, à la mère. to the angel, à l'ange. to the water, à l'eau. to the lobster, au homard.

to the shame, à la honte.

to the man, à l'homme.

to the hour, à l'heure.

aux pères. aux mères.

aux anges.

aux eaux.

aux homards.

aux hontes. aux hommes. aux heures.

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Indicative Mood Present Tense of the Verb AVOIR, to have.

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La valeur des soldats de l'armée.-Aux habitants de la terre.De la cave au grenier.-La liberté de la presse. J'ai le couteau du jardinier.-Îl a le livre du père du garçon.-L'utilité de l'étude des langues.-Le thème et la version de la grammaire.— Les mois et les jours de l'année. Du matin au soir.-La veille des vacances.-Le lendemain du jour de l'an.-La crainte des punitions.-L'amour du travail. La récompense du courage.L'heure de l'étude.-Les héros de la patrie.-La couleur de la robe. Il a le sabre du soldat.-La longueur des jours.

Progressive Exercise 3.

The year of the revolution.-The minutes of the hour.-From

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the evening to the morning.-The day of the battle.-The night

bataille f.

of the crime. The flower of the fields.-The years of the cen

crime m.

fleur f.

champ m.p.

tury. The absence of the child.—The gold of the mine.-The

hospitality of the

absence f.

hospitalité f. (h mute)

cieux p.

pays m.

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défense f.

of the heavens.-To the army of the fatherland.-The defence of

armée f.

the country. The days of the week.-The dawn of the day....

Rule 9.-Du, de la, de l', or des, are used to express the English possessive case, and the order in which the nouns stand is reversed.

EXAMPLES.

The soldier's rifle; read, the rifle of the soldier.

la carabine du soldat.

The peasant's cottage; read, the cottage of the peasant.
la chaumière du paysan.

Rule 10.-The indefinite article un, une, is singular, and agrees in gender with the noun to which it is prefixed; it is declined thus:

-

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Rule 11.-The partitive article du, de la, de l', des, agrees in number and gender with the noun to which it is prefixed.

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Before nouns sing. of either gender beginning with a vowel or h mute.

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Rule 12.-Some or any are often understood in English, but du, de la, de l', des, must always be expressed before all nouns employed in a partitive sense.

bread and cheese,
du pain et du fromage,

EXAMPLES.

salt and mustard,

du sel et de la moutarde.

VOCABULARY.-Division of Time (continued).

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j'ai eu,

f. saison,

autumn.
winter.

season.

Past Indefinite Tense of the Verb AVOIR, to have.

tu as eu,

I have had.

thou hast had.

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Progressive Reading and Translation 4.

(The English is at page 200.)

J'ai eu la chaumière du paysan.-Tu as eu du pain, du beurre, de la bière et du fromage.-Nous avons eu les jours de l'été et les soirées de l'hiver.-Vous avez eu une maison et un jardin.Ils ont eu les restes d'un pâté et une bouteille de vin.-Un jour de printemps et une nuit d'hiver.-Le commencement du mois de juin et la fin du mois de mai.-Le lundi, le mercredi et le vendredi à la classe, le samedi à la promenade, et le dimanche à l'église. J'ai eu le livre du maître.-Mademoiselle Julie a eu des œufs, du lait et des fraises.-Le journal de Monsieur Charles et le roman de Mademoiselle Marie.

Progressive Exercise 4.

He has had a castle and some gardens.-We have had the jardin

château m.

farmer's horses. The top of a hill. From a desert to Rule 9, fermier cheval

haut m.

colline f.

temps m. Rule 12, livre

difficulté f.

désert m.

a palace. He has had time and books. The soldier's uniform. palais m. -They have had some difficulty. - To

the

Rule 9, uniforme declivity of a penchant m.

mountain.—The mornings of the month of September.-The

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mois m. de

boy's sister has had some flowers and jewels.-Louisa's parasol fleur f. Rule 12, bijou m.

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