a-dum adj. 1. white, 2. pure, 3. good, adum làm zuk bo a benevolent person; a-dum mat vb. to purify (a thing or the mind); a-dum så óm fåk-lå very fair; a-dum ăñ-nă åñ-nă a shining, gleaning white; a-dum puk-bok-lä whitish, whitely brown; a-dum ta-dát-ta very white as Europeans; a-dum tă-fát-lă palo from sickness; nor-pu a-óm a-dum the juwel. a-dum-bọ id., ày.-nŭn hŭ-do kor-ka kuń dyon să ba-dam kun så kā-šo kun să pătin lyo-lun o-re-pan-ka a-dum-bo vă-re patiñ-păñ-ka nyim-bo re ši tet a-pi plyók dyan-ban a-kut a-dum-pån kut to-lün .......... J. took him rods of green poplar, and of the hazel and chesnut tree; and pilled white strakes in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods G.

....

du 2., du-n cfr. T. bru (-ba) vb. t. to dig, to cut into, to engrave, du hlam to dig deep; du-lun du-lìn a-mắt pla-šo prov. digging and digging deep you will get the roots: means also: persevere and you will succeed; dun mă-kun-ne not able to dig; du nák vb. to search into; to examine, to interrogate, to investigate, to make particular inquiry, dun-lyan s. a digging place; dun-set s. digging instrument; dun-bo s. a digger; a carver. (du) 3. a-du a-ló adj. different, various, of various kinds, all sorts; a-du a-ló li vb. to talk nonsense, a-du a-ló mlo s. things of various descriptions.

'du 4. T. gdugs 8. an umbrella, du tūk vb. to hold up umbrella; du flyót vb. to close umbrella; du ran to open out umbrella.

*du 5. T. gru border, edge? du zům fr. T. gru and 'dsin (-pa) in L. only negat. du zăm mă-nyin-nũñ-să riñ li vb. to speak without restraint; du zum má-nyin-nŭmbo s. a person beyond control, du zum mi-nyin-ne innumerable, incalculable, without limit; sok du zùm mă-nyin-nŭmbo everlasting life; má-ró dum zům mănyin-nún-să an incalculable number of men; kóm lók du zům mă-nyin-num-bo a squanderer of money, a spendthrift.

du-dut

du 6. (infantile 1.) redupl. du-du s. n lullaby, dyei bói-ka du găn li gắn du du mat yan li if you tell a child to go to sleep, then say du du.

*du-put T. 'du-byed soo do-put.

*du-si or "du-se T. 'du-šes s. sonse, knowledge, notion, idea, thought du-xi nyim-bo 8. a sensible person; du-ší můnlóm reverent thoughts or impressions.

duk adj. young, unripe, applied to Indian corn, bird etc.: kun-tson duk young unripe maize; fo duk young bird. — a-duk s. a young head of maize not quite arrived at maturity.

-

*dun 1. T. gdun (a bone) hon. s. child, son; heir, heir to king or to lama; dun zón-bo a representative of do.; dun plya hon. a child is born, an heir is born; dun gyit hon. s. race, progeny, offspring, d. g. ton-nón-ne hon. the race has become extinct. d. mát vb. hon. to inherit dun mat-so the heir of king will inherit; dun gyit ton gun pát-ka lyo-šo if the race of the king become extinct, they will take one from Tibet. — duż fók a long connection, ancestry, num-nü dun fók long line of relationship; bri dun fók long related by marriage. See dan 4.

*duň 2. T. rdun (-ba) vb. to beat, to pound, in L.: to beat after *čo týút dun T. čos rtsod brdun litly, to beat a literary dispute: to argue, to contest an argumentation, to debate; čo trút dun-lát s. an argumentation, a disputation; čo toat dun-bo s. a controversialist, a polemic.

*dun 3. T. gdun (-ba) s. love, desire, affection; dun tu-tsat s. the breading

season.

*dun-dór T. gdun-ma and dar (see tór) 8. colours, standard, flag, dun-dór kun s. a flag-staff, dun-dór dum-pu s. intervalpost of house often carved or gilded, dun-dór so-bo a standard-bearer, also dun-dó.

*dun-šin i. q. tùn-šiù T. gdun-šíù 8. a pine-tree, Abies webbiana: acc. Hooker I, 256 “saar”.

dut vb. to become putrid or bad, in

dun-dul

or from the effects of water, as fish or animal drowned or as fruit, rice etc. when wet.

dun 1. see du to dig.

dun 2. redupl. tun-dun; dun-nă dun-nă or tăn-dun-lă 1. saturated with water, 2. muddy, impure, contaminated, boggy, marshy, un dun-nă dun-nă impure water, fat d.-nă d.-nă marshy land, nyen d.-nå d.-nă adulterated milk.

dun-să hryŭk fo s. n. of bird, the spidereater Arachnothera: d.-să hryúk-fo tim-bo A. magna; d.-sa h.-fo čum-bo A. pusilla; acc. W. dan si-ri-ok R. 220; acc. Je. 360 dom sirioh-pho A. magna.

dup 1. see dop.

dup 2. close, as weather, articles etc., compact, dup-pȧ dup-pă, dup-pă šip-på id., a-fyan dup-li dap to put on the cover closely; so dup-pă dup-pă li the weather to become very close; zo dup-lå sup vb. to shut rice in closely so as to be well cooked; a-sóm dup breath to be suppressed; un-ka dup-là nón to be suffocated in water; tūk-dup close as air, room with many people etc., tük-dup sup-sip close, hot as weather, room, tuk-dup súpšip li vb. to feel close, to feel suffocated. dum 1. see under du.

dum 2. vb. to grudge, yun li-ren ayodi-si-năn dum-lui li the Jews then murmured at him because he said J.; dum (-bam) or dum yur vb. to mutter, to complain, to grumble, dum-bam or dum yur ya to be a grumbler; dum- or d. yur-yám-bo s. a grumbler.

dur vb. n. to be blighted as corn, zo nyót dur-non-ne the field has become blighted.

dur, dur-ră dur-r flowing as robes. dur kuǹ 8. n. of tree, Duabanga · sonneratioides M. Wtt. D. 842.

dul, a-dul 8. the lips, f.-nun a-dul măten-nŭm-bo kú-sům să-lom mat nyăn-šan gó how shall Ph. hear me, who am of uncircumcised lips Ex. the rim of a bason; a-dul hlya pendulous lips, a-dul ta-dyól large lips, a-dul riù lip-language.

de 1. cfr. T. de (demonstr. pron.) in L. emphatic. particle (interrog.) is it? a-re re de is it this? num de să-ba nóñ-ñúñ¬ú where are you going, brother?

de neg. -den- 2. vb. t. to create, (ây)it. de to make, to create, dyăn-nă-ba lyan un ma-it ma-den-na-ba in old time when land and water were not created P.; de-bo i. q. ȧyit-bo, dyit (or it) de-bo s. creator P. a-yit a-de s. or nun-de s. creation, procreation, nùn-de nyo i. q. (ay)it de nyo n. pr. the goddess of creation; in her attribute of procreation she is called nåzón nyo; de is applied to the revolving of the pŭr-vuñ, pŭr-vun de (the spinningwheel) 1. to revolve, 2. the wheel of life; pur-vun de-bo creator; affixed to ryu means to brighten, to clear up so ryu de the weather has become fine.

de, de-m 3. vb. 1. to spread, to sink into as ink on damp paper, nók-tió čo-gu-ka de bam the ink spreads in the paper. 2. to be lazy, to be idle, sluggish, măyen ma-de-nun do not be thoughtless and idle; — a-dem s. idleness, a-dem mat vb. to be idle etc.

*de 4. T. *dus, du-ba to pass away, tsu de-nón life is passed away, he is dead; tsu de-bo s. the dead. de-lok T. 'das-log 8. resurrection; de-lok lót vb. to rise again, to revive, to resuscitate; a-sin pat-lún de-lok lót to recover from swoon; sa-kon de-lok the resurrection of Sakon (a Lepcha book) M., L. A. Waddell, Buddhism Lond. 1895, 553 ff.

"de 5. T. bile (-ba) blissful; said of soothing and quieting child to prevent its crying: to sooth en bón de bam to attract attention of child in order to quiet it, see yen. — de-bo a child's plaything. de-wó T. bde-ba s. joy, happiness, bliss, ša-kya de-wó T. ša-kya bile-ba n. pr. of one of Padmasambhava's wives pa-pu-mit kā šā-kya de-wó yan the Nepalese princess called š. P.

de 6., de kun s. tree from which paper is made, de kun a-dum Daphne papyracea, de kun a-nók D. purpurea, both species

12

used for making paper: de-nók de lúk vb. to form paper, to pour or spread out the mash for paper.

'de 7. T. ade a tribe, district, place, a division; de-pún 8. a chief, a head of a tribe.

de 8., čók-de s. a grave with a stone. *de 9. T. lde; de-mik T. Ide-mig 8. key; de-mik gá-có s. the key and lock, de-mik ga-co kyop vb. to lock, de-mik gá-čv kyóprezan settled, fixed, immoveable, de-mik gá-có kyóp-re zăn-bo a man of decided character; de-mik an 8. a key-hole.

de-nyok 8. acc. Wtt. A. 1256, 1230 Ardisia crenata and A. involucrata.

de-mo s. a box for holding salt or pepper and also for vegetable; used also sometimes for de-bo a child's plaything. de yón fr. T. sdod? s. a place for sitting, a dwelling-place, a site.

de-sŭ kun s. name of tree, species of the fig-tree used in the fermentation

of ci.

de-su s. n. of tree Juniperus recurva Wtt. J. 104, Hooker 2, 45.

dek vb. t. to break (string, heart), to break asunder; n. to burst, see under fɔù 1.; fig. rin-čet dek vb. to break promise; lāyo dek hrón to give way to sinful passions; Ka-tso dek to burst forth into abuse; mikgrun dek to burst forth into tears. 2. vb. n. to be broken asunder (as life), to terminate, to expire, dek-nón broken tuk-po d-n. the string is br., ended, terminated, a-lut dek-nón the heart to be broken, broken-hearted. mă-dek-nå. always, incessantly, continually, constantly; so ma-dek-na yu (rain) to pour incessantly or without end; dek má-nyin-nün without end, endless, boundless, eternal, imperishable. 3. s. end, fate, destiny etc. i. q. a-dek in comp.; dek tak-lūn mak to come to one's end, to die; mă-ró do dek faklun mak to die naturally. dek jik to purify one's destiny by sprinkling water; dek-piik pa-šór s. a species of grass used in incantations for sprinkling water, see pů-šór; d.-j. hik s. a fowl

den-*den

used in the ceremony of purification (not sacrificed but set at liberty afterwards). See under pik.

a-dek s. 1. extremity, 2. stalk; 3. the bottom of, 4. the outer part. 5. the end, a-dek-ka at the end, nam să-iyak nyút-sú a-dek-ka at the end of two full years Ex. a-min a-dek the lower extremity; a-tón a-dek the upper extremity; a-dek (yak, a-dek ya vb. to know a thing perfect; a-dek-ka a-lom kā ри it may be so after all. a-dek tap vb. to gain the end. sun-dek s. end, extremity.

dek-bor 8. fate, destiny, lot, chance, dek-bor-nun bri hyok to be destined to be united in marriage. dek hyok to be fated, to be destined, a-re să-tim zāk-šān dek hyök it was my destiny that this calamity should befall me; dek tóm-bo răm the god of fate, deh tim-bo răm-sui the fates; mik dek lo s. a reward for finding anything lost, lit. "the reward of fortune of the eye”. dek šok má-kūnne you cannot lengthen life or restore. ta-še ka-do-nùn là dek šok má-lel-ne even I Tashe cannot restore life. P.

!den-dem

engagement; den-tsük dün byi vb. to testify, mi mon hŭ-nŭn l.-mům čők-nún lik-lun hum mak-bo-sān să-nỏñ-nũn lót luk kón-ba hữ dyep-ka bum-bo-nŭn dentsuk dun by the people that was with him when he called L. out of his grave, and raised him from the dead, bare record. J. den zun T. bden rdsun truth and falsehood, den zùn fli or šem vb. literally to separate truth from falsehood i. e. to judge; -den-yük s. testimonials (written) of character or of acquittal; den-ri T. bden-rigs vb. to believe, to have faith in, to trust, to place faith in, den må-ri-ne not to credit, to disbelieve, to have no faith in, den-ri lyan 8. 1. ground for faith, 2. a court of justice, den-ri lyan-bo s. a person of credit, den-ri lyanka so vb. to bring before court of justice; a-do den-ri-nŭn a-dom fyor thy faith has made thee whole Chr. den a-tim ri to have great faith; hó den a-tim ri thy faith is great Chr.; den tim-mo ri-lui having great faith, den a-čům or (kam) ri to have little faith, e den a-čùm ri-bo o thou of little faith; den-ri-bo adj. believing.

den 2., čők den a pit-grave, see čők. den 3. vb. n. 1. to be upright, adj. upright, ki den, dăm den the warp (upright threads); a-den 8. the warp. 2. to be well or thorough porformed, zuk den, well cooked zo mán myắn den food to be thoroughly cooked. - 3. to overspread, tă-lyan kor púp fåt den tin (his glory) overspread the heavens and reached the depths of the earth. M. a-den s. the populace in contradistinction to bur-fón the patricians. M. Gr. XII n., R. 31 ff.

dep-tóm s. record, testimony, tradition. *dep-to T. deb-to or deb-ter i. q. mi-to, mi dep-to s. a register of population, a census, dep-to kyop vb. to take a census. dem 1. abbreviated for de-mo.

dem 2. i. q. dyóm s. time, period, dem má-čet-ne incessantly, continually, dem mă-čet-ne ȧyok mat vb. to be continually working, dem má-čet-ne so yú to be con

tinually raining, dem po s. a time, once, dem po kat once, one time, dem jo nyāt two times, twice.

dem 3., a-dem s. notch, tsón dem s. notch of arrow, tŭk-šim dem s. the point of tail.

der, a-der adj. s. common (as a field), land belonging to many.

der-mo sun-fón (or să-fón) s. a spec. of moss, stag-moss, Lycopodium clavatum. do 1. object. dom after pronouns expresses 1. "self"; also "own", see a-do, ka-do, tã-do e. c. kã-do 1. myself, 2. my own; mă-ró do 1. one's own, 2. of itself, naturally; 2. identical, personal, particular, peculiar; the same, even, exactly, a-re do even this, ka-ti do just ten, a-lin do just now; 3. signifies also "only" a-re do rin li he only said this. — 4. when reduplicated signifies "each” also “different” mi-rd-sủi gin nữ do do li-ka lótnon-ne every man went to his own respective house; do do gyu-påù dũn each told his own respective tale.

do 2., do-la T. do-zla (an equal, a companion) adv. equally, even as, alike, according to.

do 3. vb. to inherit, i do to inherit property, a-bo-sȧ gi-čó do to inherit property of father, do to vb. to confiscate, is said when a king takes property of which there is no heir, or if the heir be an infant, when the property is placed in trust to the king; to take back one's own, as kā-súm mlo a-dom nyó bo to a-làn do-šo or lót do-šo (or lót lyo-šo) I will now take my property I lent you; to take, to deprive of.

do 4. T. mdo s. a treatise, records, archives. do món T.mdo man 8. “many treatises" name of a book, a compilation of subjects.

*do 5. T. rdo s. a stone L. làn; *do ke-mo (T. Kyim?) s. a large house built on stone-pedestals. M.;-do-ko T. rdoskor 8. small stones, pebbles, do-ko dyán vb. to fling stones; do-ko tsun-ka nói vb. to gather stones. -do-kre T. rdo