sippi River, together with New Orleans and that portion of Louisiana south of the Iberville. This treaty conveyed to Spain the region now embraced in the State of Missouri.

Treaty of Paris.-The "Seven Years' War," which began in America in 1755, and involved the nations of Europe, had its origin in disputes between France and Great Britain concerning the boundaries of their colonial possessions on this continent. At the end of the long struggle a definitive treaty of peace was signed by France, Spain, England and Portugal at Paris, February 10, 1763, and in the frequent mention made of this treaty in American annals it is usually referred to as the "Treaty of Paris." Under this treaty France ceded to England Nova Scotia, Canada and the country east of the Mississippi as far as the River Iberville. A line drawn through the Mississippi River from its source to its mouth was to form the boundary between the possessions of the two nations, except that the town and island of New Orleans were not to be included in this cession. France also ceded the island of Cape Breton, with the isles and coasts of St. Lawrence, retaining, under certain restrictions, the right of fishing in Newfoundland and the isles of St. Pierre and Miquelon. By the same treaty Spain ceded to Great Britain Florida and all districts east of the Mississippi, and Great Britain restored Cuba to Spain. France also ceded to Spain New Orleans and all that remained to her of the original Province of Louisiana.

Treaty of St. Louis.-In 1804 a treaty was negotiated at St. Louis by Governor William Henry Harrison with the chiefs of the united nations of the Sacs and Foxes for their claim to the immense tract of country lying between the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers. The consideration given was the protection of the United States and goods delivered, of a value exceeding $2,000, and a perpetual annuity of $1,600 to the Sacs, and $400 to the Foxes. An article in the treaty provided that as long as the United States remained the owner of the lands "the Indians belonging to the said tribes shall enjoy the privilege of living and hunting" on the lands. This treaty was violated by the Sacs of Rock River when they joined the British in the War of 1812; the other portion of the tribe

remained peaceable throughout the war, and reconfirmed the treaty of 1804 at Portage des Sioux, September 13, 1815. The Sacs of Rock River also renewed the treaty at St. Louis May 13, 1816. Black Hawk, however, refused to recognize the force of the treaty, claiming that those signing it on the part of the Indians had no authority to do so, and his disregard of the provisions of the treaty finally led up to the Black Hawk War.

Trelease, William, educator and scientist, was born at Mount Vernon, New York, February 22, 1857. In 1880 he was graduated from Cornell University with the degree of B. S., and in 1884 received the degree of S. C. B. from Harvard University. He was instructor and professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin, and was in charge of the Summer School of Botany at Harvard University. He was lecturer on botany at Johns Hopkins University in 1884-5, and in 1885 became Engelmann professor of botany and director of the Henry Shaw School of Botany at Washington University, of St. Louis. In 1889 he was made director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and he was also for a time associate editor of the "American Naturalist and Botanical Gazette." He is also a member of various scientific societies, and is the author of numerous scientific articles which have appeared in various publications. He was joint editor with Asa Gray of the collected botanical works of the late George Engelmann, and is the translator of the Danish works, "Poulsen's Botanical Micro-Chemistry," and "Salomonsen's Bacteriological Technology."

Treloar, William Mitchellson, was born near the town of Linden, Iowa County, Wisconsin, September 21, 1859, son of James and Jane Treloar, of English and Canadian parentage, his father and mother having removed to the United States from Cornwall County, England, and Toronto, Canada, respectively, the former in the year 1844 and the latter in 1847. The boyhood of the subject of this sketch was spent in his native county until the year 1865, when he became a resident of the State of Iowa. His early education was received in the common schools of his native State, after which he attended Iowa Wesleyan University, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. After leaving the

university in 1872 he accepted the position of teacher of English and music in Mount Pleasant College, at Huntsville, Missouri, which place he filled for three years, having resigned to assume the directorship of the musical department of the Synodical Female College, at Fulton, Missouri, where he remained for twelve years, at the end of which time, having been elected to a similar position at Hardin Female College, at Mexico, he removed to that place, where he has since resided. Mr. Treloar has been twice married, the first time in 1871 to Miss Ada Watkins, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa; of this union one daughter, Clara A., and two sons, William M. and Percy W., were born. In 1881 this wife died, and on July 1, 1884, he was married to his present wife, Miss Elizabeth H. Silver, daughter of Honorable H. A. and H. J. Silver, an old, honored and prominent family of Maryland which had previously moved from that State to Mexico, Missouri. In politics Mr. Treloar has always been a staunch Republican, and in 1894 was elected from the Ninth Missouri District a member of Congress. He was again nominated in 1896, but was defeated. He enjoys the distinction of being the only Republican ever elected to a seat in Congress from that district. In 1898 he was appointed postmaster at Mexico, Missouri, which position he now holds. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and at present he is an elder in that church. In fraternal organizations he is prominent as a Mason and Odd Fellow, holding membership in Hebron Lodge No. 354, Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, and in Mexico Lodge No. 99, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is also a member of Mexico Royal Arch Chapter No. 27, Crusade Commandery No. 23, and of Moolah Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, at St. Louis. The present prominent position of Mr. Treloar has been attained through his own unaided efforts, and this combined with the well-formed determination to surmount all obstacles which may confront him, and conscientious application to duty, has won for him the confidence and high regard of the community and State in which he lives.

Trenton. The judicial seat of Grundy County, a city of the third class, located on the east bank of the East Fork of Grand River, on a high rolling bluff with picturesque

environments, and on the southwest branch of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and the Omaha, Kansas City & Eastern Railroad, eighty-three miles from St. Joseph and 260 miles from St. Louis. The site of the town was originally covered with a dense growth of timber. The first settlement was made on the site in 1834. The town was laid out in 1841 and incorporated in 1857. Since the organization of the county it has been the county seat. It has still in use the first building erected as a courthouse, a good building for that period, but which is now somewhat antiquated. It has three excellent public school buildings, one of which, the Central school building, is among the largest in the State; a college, now Ruskin, formerly Avalon; nine churches, Catholic, Episcopal, Christian, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist and United Baptist and United Brethren, and two churches supported by the colored population. Some of the streets are well graded, macadamized, and shaded by trees on either side. The city has a good waterworks system, fire department, electric lights and gas, three daily and weekly newspapers, the "Republican," the "Tribune" and the "Times," and an operahouse, two banks, a public library, two flouring mills, a machine shop, steam laundry, seven hotels, and more than a hundred miscellaneous business places, including stores in different branches of trade, small factories, lumber and coal yards, shops, etc. Coal mines are located within the corporate limits of the town. It is a division terminus of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and large machine and repair shops of the company are located there, giving employment to nearly 800 men. The leading fraternal orders have lodges in the city. The population in 1900 was 5,296.

Treu Bund.-A secret fraternity, which is of great antiquity, introduced in America by George Ackers, an enthusiastic member of the European order, who instituted the first lodge in St. Louis. The name signifies "true league," and the first lodge in St. Louis, which was also the first lodge established in the United States, came into existence September 1, 1858. In 1898 there were twentytwo lodges in St. Louis, with a membership approximating 3,500. Outside of St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, there were six lodges, located, respectively, at Springfield,