a day of greater leisure than other days, I quite allow; but then I believe, that I should have much greater indulgence for recreation on a Sunday than you might have. I confess that I would rather have one train going on a Sunday, than none at all." ii. 209.

In lamentable consistency with these views, we find Dr Arnold employing the resurrection-day as a season of frivolous or sentimental enjoyment; for in his tours through France and Italy, we notice that he made no distinction betwixt the Sabbath and other days, but uniformly devoted God's day to the usual ends of travel-moving from place to place, or visiting renowned sceneswithout necessity or compunction. Vid. ii. pp. 408, 421, 434,

437, 438.

Conduct and principles such as we have now unfolded, ̋it is impossible to vindicate-but as difficult even to account for. We well know, however, what was the theory of the Sabbath promulgated by Archbishop Whately, and the opinions regarding the same subject almost universal in Germany, where Luther's error on the point has wrought as fatally as Calvin's at Geneva; and it may be, that it was from his enthusiastic admiration of the former divine, and his unrestricted intercourse with the latter country, that Dr Arnold was led to adopt and advocate the views which he proclaims. But be that as it may, we certainly cannot record the sentiments we have extracted above, relative to the Sabbath, without adding the deepest expressions of grief and condemnation.

A few remarks as to Dr Arnold's personal character, both as a Christian and a man, must now bring our sketch of him to a close.

His biographer, we suspect, has but an inadequate, or distrustful apprehension of what the great crisis of regeneration implies. But even out of his indistinct account we can gather with considerable confidence, the gratifying fact, that at an early period of life, Dr Arnold was indeed born from above.' At least the following extract carries this conclusion irresistibly to our minds.

"In the interval which elapsed between the end of his under-graduate career at Oxford, and his entrance upon life, had taken place the great change from boyhood to manhood, and with it a corresponding change of character, more marked and more important than at any subsequent period. However great were the modifications which his character subsequently underwent, it is the change of tone at this time, between the earlier letters of this period, and those which immediately succeed them, that marks the difference between the high spirit and warm feelings of his youth, and the fixed earnestness and devotion which henceforth took possession of his whole heart and will. Whatever may have been the outward circumstances which contributed to this, it was now for the first

time that the principles which he had before followed rather as a matter of course, and as held and taught by those around him, became emphatically part of his own convictions, to be embraced and carried out for life and for death. From this time forward, such defects as were peculiar to his boyhood and early youth, entirely disappear. The intellectual doubts which beset the first opening of his mind to the realities of religious belief, all seem to have vanished away-and from this time forward, no careful observer can fail to trace that deep consciousness of the invisible world and that power of bringing it before him in the midst, and through the means of, his most active engagements, which constituted the peculiarity of his religious life, and the moving-spring of his whole life." i. 29.

Beyond all question, this is the description of a soul renewed by the Holy Ghost. And from this time forward, we can discern in Arnold's mind the full and uniform operation of that principle which constitutes the difference betwixt the carnal and the spiritual man—the realized love of God.

"You must remember that I never had the regular care of a parish, and therefore have seen comparatively little of those cases of a troubled spirit, and of a fearful and anxious conscience, which require comfort far more than warning. But still, after all, I fear that the intense mercy of the gospel has not been so prominently represented as it should have been, while I have been labouring to express its purity." i. 55. "There is nothing in the world which hinders you and me from having comfort, but the hardness of our hearts, which will not open heartily to the love of God. He desires to love us; but we shut up ourselves from him, and keep ourselves in fear, because we will not receive his goodness. When I think of God's willingness to forgive me every day, though every day I offend him many times over, it makes me more disposed than any thing else in the world, to forgive those who have offended me.' i. 394.

As the natural result of that change he had experienced, and flowing from the principle which now became sovereign within his bosom, we find Dr Arnold was an humble man, ready to abase himself before God, and habitually feeling that he deserved nothing at his hands.

"There is a superstitious notion, and an unbelieving one, too, which cannot receive God's mercies as his free gift, but will be always looking out for something wherewith to purchase them." i. 96.

How sensible he was of his own weakness.

"I look round in the school, and feel how utterly beyond human power is the turning any single human heart to God. Some heed, and some heed not, with the same outward means, as it appears, offered to both, and the door opened to one no less wide than to another. But the kingdom of God suffereth violence; and to infuse the violence which will enter in at all cost, and will not be denied, belongs to Him alone whose counsels we cannot follow." i. 235.

We can perceive, too, how watchful Dr Arnold was of his heart, in all that related to its spiritual well-being, and how acutely he ascertained its tendencies to evil.

"I believe that any man can make himself an atheist speedily, by breaking off his own personal communion with God in Christ." ii. 58. "The management of my own mind is a thing so difficult, and brings me into contact with much that is so strangely mysterious, that I stand at times quite bewildered, in a chaos where I can see no light either before or behind. How much of all this is physical, I cannot tell; yet it is surely dangerous to look upon all the struggles of the mind as arising from the state of the body or the weather. I think I have far more reason to be annoyed at the extraordinary apathy and abstraction from every thing good, which the routine of the world's business brings with it. There are whole days in which all the feelings or principles of belief are in utter abeyance when one goes on very comfortably, pleased with external comforts, and yet would find it difficult to find a particle of Christian principle in one's whole mind. It seems all quite moved out bodily, and one retains no consciousness of a belief in any one religious truth, but in living a life of virtual atheism." i. 61.

Dr Arnold's natural tenderness of soul seems to have been amiably keen, from such instances as these:

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"At Laleham he once got out of patience, and spoke sharply to a pupil, when the pupil looked up in his face and said, Why do you speak angrily? I am doing the best I can.' I never, said he, felt so much ashamed in my life; that look and that speech I have never forgotten." i. 135. "I never excuse myself for not writing to all friends; for it really is a duty, which it is mere indolence and thoughtlessness to neglect." i. 238.

But this characteristic sensibility he retained when he became a new creature; and one of its sanctified manifestations is too striking to be omitted.

"Those who were most intimate with him, will readily recall the mingled feelings of reverence and devotion with which he would, in his lonelier hours, repeat to himself such passages as the raising of Lazarus, or the description of the judgment. Nor will they easily forget the deep emotion with which he was agitated, when, on a comparison having been made in his family circle, which seemed to place Paul above John, he burst into tears, and in his own earnest and loving tone repeated one of the verses from John, and begged that the comparison might never again be made." i. 218.

Few individuals have been more rudely assailed, and more heartlessly suspected, than Dr Arnold. Yet we do not recollect that his temper ever gave way. In handling an argument or an opponent, when grave interests seemed to be in the balance, no doubt his language was sharply explicit. It conveyed the truth,

accompanied with deep emotion. But in all his controversies, it is nevertheless impossible to detect anything mean, or boisterous, or personally unkind.

we

From his peculiar circumstances and studies, we do not find that Dr Arnold's associates were of that select Christian character we would have desired; but in too many instances,refer more especially to Hampden and Whately, his friendships seem to have been contracted more upon the ground of intellectual acquirement than religious sympathy. Still in regard to his friendship, we cannot help remarking, that the secret and cement of it was-he inspired love by love.

Did we set ourselves to the invidious task, we might discover a few exceptionable points in Dr Arnold's character. But his blemishes were subordinate-his excellencies constitutional. From the period when he became a new man, he walked upon a level that few aspire to, and has left behind him as much example as celebrity. His soul, after the great change, was not less engrossed with the things of the Spirit, than was his mind with the events of the world; and it was a peculiarity which he brought with him into the field of spiritual exercise, that he could realize, almost as an object of sense, whatsoever he grasped as an object of faith. Truth became incarnate and vital in his energetic mind; and he dealt with it not as a ghost or shadow, but as something that, as it claimed existence for itself, so it bore to him the most interesting relation.

From the peculiarity just delineated, there arose a most blessed advantage, and one which all should seek most earnestly to compass. Dr Arnold did not merely believe in Christianity-he loved Christ, and his impression of Christ amounted almost to personal contact, and his attachment to him was as sincere and absolute an affection as one being may feel toward another not actually present. 'Whom having not seen, he loved; in whom, though he saw him not, yet believing, he rejoiced with joy unspeakable and full of glory."

By the knowledge of Christ, he also knew God in that relation which awakens all the confidence of a sinner-and because 'God had first loved him, he loved God.' Weaned, at the same time, from reliance on himself, Arnold did as truly welcome, as he firmly recognised, the work and grace of the Holy Ghost; so that it was not he who lived, but the Spirit of God who lived in him.

Growth, after all, is the best evidence of being planted in the vine-rooted in the merit of Jesus, and endued with his mind. And Dr Arnold was a growing believer. The atmosphere he breathed was not too full of spiritual oxygen. There were not

many around to tempt the blossoms into leaf-or gather the fruit as it fell. Still Dr Arnold grew, and when he says, i. 84, ‘every year that I live, my whole soul and spirit own Jesus with a more entire certainty and love,' we do not merely acknowledge his sincerity-we can verify the declaration in the increase both of his knowledge and spirituality.

Great men will always be imitated in their faults and errors. And inadvertently, or of purpose, we may be sure, thousands will adopt the false liberalism of Dr Arnold, who will not permit his high name to remove one of their prejudices against the unequivocal orthodoxy he asserted, or the Christian graces he developed. Yet we cannot hesitate, on this account, to pronounce him a man of singular and impressive character. He was cut off in the midst of his years, and when he had done but little more than try his weapons and fit on his armour. Yet so often as he is spoken of, he will be honoured for his natural endowments and vast acquisitions—the enthusiasm of his philanthropy, and unwearied usefulness-his intrepid probity and masculine independence—the richness, yet simplicity, of his character-his devoted anxiety for the interests of man--and his holy love for Jesus Christ our Lord. His was a governing mind—and he has left his impress behind him. He was a salutary example to the Church of which he was a member; and much shall the Church of England have to answer for, if they allow it speedily to be forgotten.

ART. VI.-1. The Jewish Chronicle, published under the direction of the American Society for ameliorating the condition of the Jews. Vols. I. and II. for 1844 and 1845. New York.

2. The Voice of Israel.-Various numbers, from 1 to 25. 1845 and 1846. London.

3. The Land of Israel, according to the Covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. By ALEXANDer Keith, D.D. Edinburgh: William Whyte & Co.

THE first of these three works is American, and shows the interest which some in that country are now taking in the cause of Israel. We say 'some;' for it must be admitted that America has directed far too little of her attention and energies to the Jews. She has not entirely forgotten, but she has overlooked them too much. The present excellent periodical is, we hope, an indication of better things.

The second of these works is English, and shows the interest