External History of the Romance Languages

Ages Arabic atlas authors beginning borrowings century chapter Classical considered countries Creole cultural dialects dialetto dictionary discussion earlier earliest early elements English especially established extensive forms française France French Germanic given grammar Greek groups Hall imitation Individual influence instances Italian Italy known langue later Latin learned less Lexicon lingua linguistic linguistique literary literature loans Madrid major meaning mediaeval Middle native nineteenth North official ONFr origin Paris parler particularly period phonetic phonology political popular Portuguese present PRom Provençal refer region Renaissance replaced respectively Romance languages Roumanian rule scholars similar situation sixteenth social sounds South Spain Spanish speakers speech spoken spread standard standard language structure tion took usage valley varieties various vernacular Vocabolario vols western writing written