have said to Mr. Auchincloss that two years hence there cannot by possibility be a Presbyterian church at that corner. They must choose between scattering (already repeated till the identity is gone) and removal. The greater the man they get, the sooner will he translate the Church. Lower New York is in no proper sense other than as a warehouse, compared with a dwelling.

Our Directors being done with, do come on and bring your family. I have beans and spinach, and a bushel of sour grapes; and though beef is rare, we have a great diversity of agnine parts, such as neck, breast, loin, kidneys, &c. My dear old father is a little unwell again. He will preach when asked, and people will ask him. Two sermons and a lecture in three days!

PRINCETON, September 19, pridie Equinoct., 1849.

In the sore loss of my parochial comforts, which were always delightful to me, in the net result, and which are to a sincere man a sort of expansion of his fireside pleasures, I try to comfort myself by looking with new eyes on my pupils. We have matriculated fifty-three, and "still they come." I am struck with the amount of good healthy flesh and bone. Nothing is so pleasing to me as the Sunday conference. It is a genuine primitive "prophesying." My dear old father, whose feebleness

1

reaches my heart, is nowhere so felicitous. About half the young men are off at schools and meetings. The subjects are always practical or experimental. When you exchange with me, be sure to arrange for attending this meeting. Of Scots and Hibernians we have about a dozen, several being Glasgow graduates; also a Baptist preacher, and wife, from Charleston. Last year there were five or six Baptists, all most promising men. Dr. Miller is really too weak to go about with safety. John Miller, after the tour of Europe, and after being a prisoner for half a day in Rome, seeing the Pope's house at Gaeta, and lying ill in Holland, is on the return, viâ Edinburgh. is a good preacher, a pious man, a most affable, unpretending companion, but overladen with extraordinary knowledge of books, beyond proportion to his mental powers. That is a splendid oration of Victor Hugo at the Peace Congress. You have, through, an opportunity to get a national thanksgiving on account of the diminution of the pestilence. Poor Blythe is still silenced, by sequela of dysentery. The Second Church is nearly ready; a snug little place. Washington Irving, in his "Goldsmith," has illy, and several other illiterate expressions.

1

1 A meeting for devotion and remarks on topics of experimental religion, held by the professors with the students of the Seminary, every Lord's-day afternoon.

PRINCETON, October 4, 1849

I have for you a copy of "O Mother Dear," singularly thrown in my way, how or whence I know not: I picked it up in the mire of the road. The Mons. Perrin you name is an extraordinary violinist; except the miraculous Oles and Sivoris, he beats any thing I remember. As to stoves, I anticipated your despair. The diversification is ridiculous, like Horace's

Qui variare cupit rem prodigialiter unam.

I have stuck an old second-hand franklin in my study-hearth, for wood: it does well enough for moderate weather. I shall miss nothing of New York so much as English coal; for I can't afford to burn it here.

I should like to lend you Milman's History of Christianity, volume by volume, for though it is written with an almost infidel coolness, it is the only English work that gives the distilled essence of the Germanic researches into out-of-the-way antiquities of early mother church. If I live, I must be some years familiarizing myself with the original documents of the former ages.

It would be chimerical to expect the same watch over hundreds of young men as a father has over half-a-dozen; and there must also be a period of transition from home to the world, but this period should be (O how carefully!) guarded. I should like to have the following queries discussed in some journal, concerning any college, or all colleges: How often does the President appear in private chambers? How many times in a year does he avail himself of the prayer-assembly, to make any fatherly remarks? What assurance have you that lads are in their chambers from 11-12 P. M.? Suppose twenty are at a groghole all night, what means of assuring yourselves of this? What limit to walking all over the city or village on Sunday? What superintendence at feeding-time, in those houses where ten to twelve fellows take their grub separate from the family?

Great evils arise in the United States from the ease with which new congregations, churches, and even sects are formed. Ex. gr. suppose a minority in Smithville choose to do wrong. Presbytery animadverts. Minority turns on heel; "who cares!" Presbytery more stringent. Minority turns on heel; new church; two steeples; two miserable handfuls; two starving preachers; perhaps one independent society. There is no disgrace, and little difficulty, in rearing a new sect. Hence an ecclesiastical censure is brutum fulmen; and hence church courts shrink from uttering their thunders. Our practice is a century or more below our book of discipline, in all courts but the highest; and nobody abides by acts of General Assembly,

VOL. II.--

whether anent sitting in prayer, or reading in preaching. A

vermilion edict.

PRINCETON, October 12, 1849.

There is a remarkable amount of indisposition in the Seminary, though nobody very ill, nor prevalence of any one disease. At least ten are on the sick-list. One young man of college, native of Scotland, lies very low with dysentery. I have preached as much as usual ever since I left New York, besides the tough work of getting ready for classes.1

On reaching Princeton, I had hard work to get ready for my lecture at 11 o'clock. Just as we were sitting down to dinner we perceived the house of our neighbour, Mrs. Armstrong, to be on fire. Our gardens join, though she fronts on Stockton street. The wind was towards us, and at that moment very high. Providence ordered several things most happily: the wind was from the house; it was mid-day; Edward Armstrong was in his mother's house; and a new fire-engine had just been procured to be handselled on this occasion. Commodore Stockton was soon on the roof, with the face of a coal-man. Armstrong thinks he saved the house. Every thing was removed from it. The chief damage is the kitchen part, which is pretty much unroofed. It came of the country practice of burning a chimney during the heavy rain of the morning.

PRINCETON, October 15, 1849.

I wish I had begun early to mark places in the New Testament, in which the play of the sound is lost in English. I note these in my morning lesson: 2 Cor. iii. 5, 6, "Not that we are ikavoι of ourselves, to think any thing. but the ἱκανότης is of God, who also ikávwσev us ministers of the New Testament. O that we could English that glorious passage, 2 Cor. iv. 8, seq. ! The jingle is lost, and in our version what a bathos, from change of usage in a word, is here: "We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed!" Tyndale says, "without shyft." Try your hand on the whole passage, in translation; it will at least breed a sermon. The ev Travτí seems to qualify all the series. "In this whole life of ours, we are pressed, but not oppressed," (pressed to death;) clause out: "dropoúpevo, desponding, but not eέanoἀπορούμενοι, εξαποpoúμetot, despairing;" Wiclif renders véкpwow, "sleying," and the Rhemists, "mortification," both actively. I believe this is the only classical sense. I had just been reading with wonder

1 The number of his sermons in 1844 was 97; 1845, 117; 1846, 120; 1847, 107; 1848, 109; 1849, 80. His farewell sermon was preached in Duane Street, June 10, 1849, from 1 Cor. iii. 21–23.

Prof. Guyot's (Agassiz's friend) "Earth and Man," when I this morning fell in with him at Dr. Hodge's. Guyot and Prof. Henry are busy at the making some thousands of, barometers at New York, for government. He is a tenderly pious man; you would be delighted to hear such childlike French Christianity from such a philosopher; he is brother-in-law of Grandpierre. "The revolution of 1848, unlike that of 1830, declares war against learning and science; these are aristocratical. Down with all aristocracy!-of mind-yes, even of morals." This avowed by a very distinguished leader, of genius, in the Canton de Vaud: "Down with all mentalism, ideology!" "The next generation growing up in this sensualism.". He thinks the secession of F. Monod, Bridel, &c., very wrong. "Result of breaking connexion with state, would be to leave at least half the Protestant churches without service; and this in an unchristian population. Dare we take the responsibility of such a crisis?" He thinks we have no notion of the prevalence of atheism among the mass in Germany and Switzerland.

I feel the week's ideology does not fit me bodily for Sundayism: I came flagged to the "desk:" yesterday two sermons: this morning nervous. I did not leave pastoral life willingly; I foresaw the very evils I begin to feel; but they distress me more than I reckoned for. I miss my old women; and especially my weekly catechumens,' my sick-rooms, my rapid walks, and my nights of right-down fatigue. Prof. Henry is lecturing a rapid course, to the unspeakable delight of the collegians; his studies were always pleasing to them, though he was such a driller.

PRINCETON, November, 8, 1849.

Bill concerning Old Correspondents.

"Sec. 10. And be it enacted, that in case any citizens shall cause it to appear that they have communicated, conferred, or corresponded, by letter or epistle, for the term of thirty years, the said citizens shall have the franking privilege for the remainder of their natural lives, etc."

Craven has just got back from South Hampton (one of four Hamptons, of) Long Island. Strange place! Puritan settlement: scarce altered in two hundred years: insulated: antique fashions: 1,700 parishioners: no church but Presbyterian in all the district: wealthy farmers: surface of ground covered with

1

1 He contributed to the Repertory this year a paper on "The History of Catechizing." His other articles in the volume of 1849 were on the Baptist Controversy, on the Family of Arnauld, (as connected with Jansenism and Port Royal,) and on the Autobiography of the Rev. Dr. Ashbel Green.

rotting sea-fish, their only manure. Every serious wound leads to tetanus; same in adjacent parishes. Five times as many at church in afternoon as in morning. Farmers do not live on their farms, but in hamlets: thirteen elders, one or more in each hamlet. In the village of S not one male communicant, but many in the church. All these have joined in revivals. Among their ministers have been Jonathan Edwards, Dr. Buel, and Dr. Beecher. Imperturbable in old habits. Vacant, but won't accept one as candidate till he has preached for them three months. All their produce goes to Sag Harbour. These gleanings from my father. Dr. Hare's sermon, showing that baptized children are church members. Once it was our doctrine, but New England has conquered. Every now and then I hear a new word added to the college lingo: e. g. "Half the Junior class are taking privates, (q. d. private lessons, with a tutor, so as to keep up with Prof. Alexander's hard mathematics.) Webster's Dictionary, last edition, has all the English University terms, such as Little-go, Tripos-papers, Wrangler, Optimes, Corpus, &c. If you ever need a French dictionary, buy the last and best "French and English, and English and French Dictionary, &c., &c., by A Spiers. 1849. PARIS. 8vo, pp. 1331: $4: bound in France. In Boston, Little and Brown. It is under the auspices of Guizot, Villemain, and many savans and litterateurs in England and France. Agréez, Monsieur, &c.

PRINCETON, November 14, 1849. My mind does not easily leave the death-bed scene of our dear young friend Candor,' with whom I have spent many hours of the last few days. I went from his speechless countenance to marry and hurried back to find him just gone. He was ill six weeks, and never seemed to me to suffer much more in mind or body than you or I probably this moment. It was a most natural death-bed, if I may say so of what was so gracious. Perhaps a dozen hymns were sung around him yesterday up to the very cessation of his utterance: there was no loquacity or tendency to talk of his exercises, but an uncontrollable thirst for prayers, hymns, and Scriptures. I preached from 1 Thess. iv. 14, on "sleep in Jesus." His friends admitted with surprise that his fellow-students nursed him with a skill, devotion, and gentleness, that scarcely a father's house could have afforded, for so long an illness. He was one of the first minds of our house, as formerly of the college. This morning Dr. Miller sent for me, and for the first time in his life did not rise

1 John Montgomery Candor, of Pennsylvania, a student in the Seminary.