87. II. Cardinal numbers are used in French : 1st, To express the days of the month, the first excepted. Thus we say, le trois août, the third of August; le quatre septembre, the fourth of September; and so on; but we say, le premier août, the first of August; le premier septembre, the first of September. 88. 2d, In the same manner, after the names of sovereigns we use premier for the first; deux or second, for the second; and afterwards the cardinal numbers; as, sens. La foi est We have five senses.-Faith is a sixth sense which God Nous avons sens, m. que Dieu grants (to) us.-Francis (the) first reigned thirty-two years. 2accorde 1nous. François régna ans. -One half of mankind (laughs at) the other.—The moitié, f. du genre humain se moque de l'autre. plague carried (off) the third peste, f. enleva Eggs of the population. tiers, m. population, f. Les œufs cost forty sous a dozen.-Ten families (would live) happy coûtent sous la familles vivraient heureuses with the fourth (part) of their fortune; however their 50,000 avec quart, m. leur fortune; cependant leurs pounds a year (are) scarcely sufficient (for) them.-There were livres de rente 3à peine suffisent 1leur. Il y avait (one) hundred (and) eighty people in the room; say disent cent some personnes dans salle, f. quelques-uns two hundred; others, two hundred (and) fifty. CHAPTER IV. OF PRONOUNS. 89. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun. 90. There are six kinds of pronouns, viz. the Personal, the Possessive, the Demonstrative, the Relative, the Interrogative, and the Indefinite. 8 I. OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 91. Personal pronouns are used to point out persons and their part in the phrase. 92. There are three persons: the first, is the person speaking; the second, the person spoken to; the third, the person spoken of. PRONOUNS OF THE FIRST PERSON. 93. These pronouns are masculine or feminine, according to the gender of the person or persons who are speaking. Plur.. to me, Le maître me parle, Nous pensons, Sus, Dieu nous voit, God sees me. to me. We think. God sees us. Nous, to us, Le maître nous parle, The master speaks to us. 94. PLACE OF THE PRONOUNS.-Personal pronouns are commonly placed before the verb. 95. EXCEPTIONS-I. The pronoun is placed after the verb, when it takes a preposition; as, il parle de vous, he speaks of you. 96. II. When the verb is in the imperative affirmative (with the exception of the third persons); as, donnez-nous, give us. 97. In both cases, moi is used instead of me after the verb: il parle de moi, he speaks of me; donnez-moi, give me. 98. III. The pronoun comes also after the verb, when the latter is conjugated interrogatively; as, parlez-vous ? do you speak? EXERCISE XXVI. I think that my father (will go) to England this year.— pense que mon père ira en Angleterre cette année. Your advice will always be dear (to) me.- - Promise Votre avis sera toujours cher ime. to Promettez (me) de tell me the truth.-God who sees us is (a) witness of all 'dire 1me vérité, f. Dieu qui voit 1nous, est témoin de toutes Ses progrès 1 hope our actions. His improvement gives me much 2donnent beaucoup d'espérance I (would like) to perform this aimerais remplir ce The death of our minister mort, f. de notre ministre grieved us sincerely. We (set out) to-morrow; when we 2affligea nous sincèrement. return, you (will see) us. reviendrons, vous verrez 1 partons demain; quand PRONOUNS OF THE SECOND PERSON. 99. These pronouns are also masculine or feminine, according to the gender of the person or persons they 100. REMARKS.-I. Toi is used instead of te, when the pronoun is to be put after the verb, or when it takes a preposition. (See Exceptions 95. 96.) 101. II. We say vous instead of tu in the singular out of politeness; but although the verb is put in the plural, the noun, adjective, or participle referring to the pronoun, remains in the singular, and agrees with it in gender only; as, Vous êtes un enfant gâté, mon ami. Êtes-vous contente, ma fille? You are a spoiled child, my dear. Are you pleased, my daughter? EXERCISE XXVII. If you practise virtue, you (will be) happy.-Thou lovest pratiquez la vertu, serez heureux. Si 2aimes travailles, me, my child, and I love thee too. If thou workest, thou 110 mon enfant, et 2 aime 110 aussi. Si (wilt succeed.) You ought to love your neighbour as yourréussiras. devez aimer votre prochain comme vous es né pour travailler. Il est self. Remember that thou art born to work. It is même. Souviens-toi que impossible to say what you (will be) in an hour hence.-My impossible de dire ce que serez dans une heure d'ici. Mon pardon you; yours commands God commands me to you to revenge yourself.-Heaven sends you to the relief of the 1 de venger (you). Le ciel envoie 1 au secours des poor, and (will reward) you. 103. REMARKS.-I. Le, him; la, her; les, them, m. & f.; are never used after a preposition, but lui, elle, eux, elles; as, il médit de lui, d'elle, d'eux, d'elles, he speaks ill of him, of her, of them, m. & f. 104. II. Moi, toi, lui, eux, are used instead of je, tu, il, ils, when they are joined to a noun, or used without a verb to agree with them; as, Jean et moi nous irons, John and I will go there; ce sont eux qui disent cela, it is they who say that. EXERCISE XXVIII. Eve presented the forbidden fruit to her husband; he took Eve présenta le défendu fruit à son mari; 2 prit visited visitai it and ate it. I know those rich countries; I 1m. et mangea 1 m. je connais ces riche contrée, pl.; je them. They have repented much, much (will be) parm. se sont repentis beaucoup, *beaucoup il sera pardoned them. Alexander left behind him a great name.donné (to them). Alexandre a laissé de 1 The wicked are cunning; distrust méchants, m. pl. sont rusé; défiez-vous d' grand nom, m. them. I like aime an humble condition, and prefer it to wealth.--He screamed, humble condition, f. je 2préfère 1 1 richesse. f. cria, |