to-morrow. I have NOT received any letter from Paris. We

the object of his request. He will objet, m.

demande, f.

We have

NOT write to him.—I do NOT wish to see them.

2 écrire 1

NOT blamed you.

blámé i

désirer voir

2

CONJUGATION OF A VERB USED INTERROGATIVELY.

186. To conjugate a verb interrogatively, the pronoun, which is the subject of it, is placed after the verb, with a hyphen between them; as, Parlez-vous? do you speak?

187. When the first person singular of a verb ends with e mute, an acute accent is placed over it, and it is then sounded accordingly; as, Parlé-je? do I speak?

188. When the third person singular ends with a vowel, a -t- with two hyphens is always placed between the verb and pronoun for the sake of euphony; as, Parle-t-il? does he speak? Parla-t-il? did he speak?

189. In compound tenses, the pronoun is placed after the auxiliary, to which it is also joined by a hyphen; as, Avons-nous parlé? have we spoken?

190. When a noun is the subject of the verb, a pronoun, agreeing with it in gender and number, is placed after the verb with a hyphen; and the noun remains before it; as, VOTRE SŒUR parlait-elle ? was your sister speaking?

191. Instead of this mode of interrogation, we use often the words, est-ce que, with the subject before the verb; as, EST-CE QUE je parle? do I speak? EST-CE QUE votre sœur parle? does your sister speak?

F

192. With verbs which have but one syllable in the first person singular of the present Indicative, it is indispensable to use this form of interrogation; as, EST-CE QUE je vends? do I sell? EST-CE QUE je mens? do I tell a falsehood: instead of vends-je? mens-je?

193. However, we are allowed by custom to say: Faisje? do I do? Vois-je? do I see? Vais-je? do I go? Suis-je? am I? Ai-je? have I ?

194. Verbs are used interrogatively only in the Indicative and Conditional Moods, as exemplified in the following.

Do you sell matches? Do I wish vendre 33. allumette, pl. ?

désirer 187.

his fortune? fortune, f.?

Does your sister speak French?

sœur, f. 190. français?

Has this boy answered well?-Do I contradict you?117. enfant, m. 2 répondre 1bien?-191. contredis

Would ever an honest man

1

1

say such a thing?

2jamais honnête homme, m. dire 4

3 chose, f.?

Do I say that ?—Have I deserved such a punishment?-Am I

dis 121.

too indulgent, or too

trop indulgent, ou

mériter 2 1 punition, f.?

Will future ages

2à venir les siècles obscure benefactor of obscur bienfaiteur, m.

CONJUGATION OF A VERB USED INTERROGATIVELY AND NEGATIVELY.

196. In this instance, the second negative, pas or point, is placed after the personal pronoun in all tenses.

than yesterday? - Will not your friend believe the sincerity of

hier, h. m.?

our sentiments?

sentiment, pl.?

tress?

ami croire à sincérité, f. Will not our soldiers retake soldat, pl. reprendre Has not the performance diverted you?

the for

for

Shall we

teresse, f.?

spectacle, m. amusé

plaisir, m. de voir

not have the pleasure to see your mother?-Have you not sold

your park?-Do you not hear the cries of the crowd?

mère?

vendre

foule, f.

II. CONJUGATION OF PASSIVE VERBS.

198. The Passive Verb expresses an action received or suffered by the subject; as, La souris est mangée par le chat, the mouse is eaten by the cat.

199. The conjugation of passive verbs consists of the simple or compound tenses. of the verb être, to be, and of the participle past of an active verb.

200. The past participle used with être agrees in gender and number with the subject; but only in gender when vous is used for tu, as remarked, § 101.