councillor of embassy at Madrid; and as assistants in the secretariat, Manuel G. Hontoria, second secretary of the Spanish embassy at Paris, and Jaime de Ojeda, a third secretary of embassy employed at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.1 XI. Second Hague Peace Conference, 1907 The president nominated a secretary-general, a drafting secretary-general, and twenty secretaries.2 XII. International Naval Conference, London, 1908–9 The president, after ascertaining the wishes of each Delegation, appointed H. Norman (Great Britain) as secretary-general; and twelve secretaries." The United States took the second place in the French alphabetical order, and each Power represented furnished a member of the secretariat, France and Great Britain furnishing two each. XIII. Conferences of London, 1912–13 Each delegation nominated one secretary, with the exception of Montenegro, whose delegates did not nominate any one. The Secretariat was as follows: Bulgaria, S. Tchaprachikov; Greece, A. C. Vouros, first secretary of the Greek Legation at London; Serbia, S. Y. Grouich, Serbian chargé d'affaires at London; Turkey, Divan Bey Noradounghian, first secretary of Turkish Embassy at Paris. At the second Conference Vouros was replaced by A. Rizo-Rangabé. On the proposal of the President it was agreed to invite Sir E. Grey to appoint an English official to the secretariat, who should direct it and form a link (trait d'union) between the Conference and the British 1 Protocoles et Comptes Rendus de la Conférence d'Algésiras, 1906, p. 8. 2 Actes et Documents, i. 52. Proceedings, &c. [Cd. 4555], 130. Government. In response to this invitation H. Norman was added to the secretariat on Dec. 6. XIV. Conference of Bucarest, 1913 On the proposal of the president, the secretariat was composed as follows: Principal secretary, A. Pisoski, minister plenipotentiary, and Rumanian diplomatic agent at Cairo; assistant secretary, J.O. Filitti, director of political affairs at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, aided by N. E. Lahovary, a secretary of legation. The secretaries designated by the delegations of other Powers to assist them in their work were D. Svilokossich, a first secretary of legation, and M. Gavrilovich, secretary at the Serbian Ministry for Foreign Affairs; Th. Papazoff, legal adviser to the Bulgarian delegation, and Michel Tsamados, secretary of the Hellenic delegation.1 7. FORMATION OF COMMITTEES I. Congress of Vienna, 1814–15 In addition to the special conferences of the Four Powers (Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia) the Five Powers (France besides the above), and the Eight Powers (Portugal, Spain, and Sweden being added to the others), the following committees were set up : (a) Verification of full-powers. It was decided by the Eight Powers that the members of this Committee should be chosen by lot; and the lot fell upon Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia. (b) Committee on German Affairs. This Committee, suggested by the four Great Allied Powers, and appointed by the German States themselves, originally consisted of Metternich and Wessenberg for Austria, Hardenberg (Prince) and Humboldt for Prussia, Wrede for Bavaria, Münster and Hardenberg (Count) for Hanover, de Linden for Württemberg, with G. F. de Martens as secretary-general. At the third sitting Wintzingerode 1 Nouv. Rec. Gén., 3e série, viii. 20. was added for Württemberg. This committee held thirteen sittings from October 14 to November 16, 1814. It was reconstituted in May 1815, with the same members for Austria, Prussia, and Hanover, Schulenburg and Globig for Saxony, Rechberg for Bavaria, Turkheim for Hesse-Darmstadt, Plessen, Keller, Minkwitz, Smidt and von Berg as deputies for the princes and free cities, Berstett for Baden, Gagern for the Netherlands and Luxemburg, Bernstorff for Denmark and Holstein. Württemberg was not represented, but acceded to the Acte de la Confédération Germanique on June 10.1 This committee held eleven sittings from May 23 to June 10, 1815. (c) Affairs of Switzerland. This committee, created by the four Great Allied Powers, originally consisted of Humboldt (Prussia), Stratford-Canning and Stewart (Great Britain), Wessenberg (Austria), Stein and Capo d'Istria (Russia). A French representative was subsequently added. It held thirteen sittings from November 14, 1814, to March 13, 1815, and reported to the committee of the Five Great Powers. (d) The Statistical Committee, of which the functions were to determine what territories had been conquered from Napoleon and his allies, and to evaluate the said territories according to population, not only numerically, but also qualitatively, was appointed by the four Great Allied Powers. The French representative was added at the request of France. The members were: Dalberg (France), Clancarty (Great Britain), Münster (Hanover), Wessenberg and Hofrath Wacken (Austria), Legationsrath Jordan and Reichsrath Hoffmann 3 (Prussia), Anstett (Russia). G. F. de Martens was secretary of this committee. It held six sittings, and reported to the committee of the Five Great Powers. 1 D'Angeberg, 1445. Not a plenipotentiary. 3 2 D'Angeberg, 561. Nominated at the third meeting; not a plenipotentiary. (e) Slave Trade. This committee, appointed by the Committee of Eight Powers, consisted of Castlereagh and Stewart (Great Britain), Talleyrand (France), GomezLabrador (Spain), Palmella, Saldanha and Lobo (Portugal), Nesselrode (Russia), Löwenhielm (Sweden), Binder1in place of Metternich. Owing to the opposition of Spain and Portugal it never met as a committee; but four conferences were held, in which Castlereagh took the leading part. (f) Free navigation of rivers. This committee was nominated December 14, 1814,2 by the plenipotentiaries of the Eight Powers and consisted at first of Dalberg (France), Humboldt (Prussia), Clancarty (Great Britain), and Wessenberg (Austria). On February 2, 1815,3 the committee decided to invite Van der Spaen (Holland), Wrede (Bavaria), Berckheim (Baden), Türckheim (HesseDarmstadt), and Gagern (Nassau) to join it. G. F. de Martens was secretary of the committee. It held twelve meetings from February 2 to March 24, 1815. reported to the plenipotentiaries of the Eight Powers. It (g) Relative rank of European Powers and their diplomatic agents. This committee, appointed by the plenipotentiaries of the Eight Powers on December 10, 1914, consisted of Latour du Pin (France), Cathcart (Great Britain), Palmella (Portugal), Gomez-Labrador (Spain), Löwenhielm (Sweden), Humboldt (Prussia), Stackelberg (Russia), Wessenberg (Austria). It reported on January 16, and the report was discussed on January 205 and on February 9, when the report was referred back, and a fresh report, presented on March 19,7 was adopted. This forms the well-known Règlement sur le rang entre les agents diplomatiques'. 3 D'Angeberg, 693. 'D'Angeberg, 660. 1 Nominated at the third meeting; not a plenipotentiary. 7 D'Angeberg, 933. (h) Drafting Committee. This was appointed on March 6, 1815,' by the plenipotentiaries of the Five Powers, and consisted of Wessenberg (Austria), Clancarty (Great Britain), Humboldt (Prussia), Anstett2 (Russia), Latour du Pin (France), with Besnardière (France) and Gentz (Austria) as chief draftsmen. But on March 123 the composition of this committee was changed. Stackelberg (Russia) was substituted for Anstett, who became a third chief draftsman, while Gomez-Labrador (Spain), Löwenhielm (Sweden) and Saldanha (Portugal) were added. Committees were also appointed to investigate (i) the claims of the Infanta Maria Luisa to the GrandDuchy of Tuscany; (k) the affairs of the King of Sardinia ; (1) various claims to the Duchy of Bouillon.* II. Conference of London, 1830-33 It does not appear that any committee, even a drafting committee, was appointed on this occasion. III. Conference of London, 1850-52 Nor on this occasion was a committee of any sort appointed. IV. Congress of Paris, 1856 It was decided to appoint a mixed commission, composed of two Turkish, two Russian, one British, and one French commissioner, to verify, and if necessary to rectify, the Asiatic frontiers of Russia and Turkey. A drafting committee was appointed to frame articles, destined to ! B. & F. S. P. ii. 651; D'Angeberg, 898. A committee was appointed on February 7 to draw up a plan for the Treaty which reported on February 10; D'Angeberg, 707, 737. 2 Not a plenipotentiary. B. & F. S. P. ii. 664; D'Angeberg, 911. See, on this subject, The Congress of Vienna, No. 153 of this series. 5 Protocol No. 4, Mar. 4, 1856. |