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APPENDIX

[Several remarkable passages from the older literature are here included, to indicate the temper and attitude of mind of the colonists.]

THE PILGRIMS

BEING thus ariued in a good harbor, and brought safe to land, they fell vpon their knees & blessed ye God of heauen, who had brought them ouer ye vast, & furious Ocean, and deliuered them from all ye periles, & miseries thereof againe to set their feete on y firme and stable earth, their proper elemente. And no maruell if they were thus Ioyefull, seeing wise Seneca was so affected with sailing a few miles on ye coast of his owne Italy; as he affirmed, that he had rather remaine twentie years on his way by land, then pass by sea to any place in a short time; so tedious, & dreadfull was ye same vnto him.

But hear I cannot but stay, and make a pause, and stand half amazed at this poore peoples presente condition; and so I thinke will the reader too, when he well considers ye same. Being thus passed ye vast Ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be remembered by y' which wente before) they had now no freinds to wellcome them, nor Inns to entertaine, or refresh their weatherbeaten bodys, no houses, or much less townes to repaire too, to seeke for succoure; It is recorded in scripture as a mercie to ye apostle & his shipwraked company, y' the sauage barbarians shewed them no smale kindnes in refreshing them, but these sauage barbarians, when they mette with them (as after will appeare) were readier to fill their sids full of arrows then otherwise. And for ye season it was winter, and they that know ye winters of yt cuntrie, know them to be sharp & violent, & subjecte to cruell & feirce stormes, deangerous trauill to known places, much more to serch an vnknown coast. Besids what

could they see, but a hidious & desolate willdernes, full of wild beasts, & willd men, and what multituds ther might be of them they knew not; nether could they (as it were) goe vp to ye tope of pisgah, to vew from this willdernes, a more goodly cuntrie to feed their hops; for which way so euer they turnd their eys (saue vpward to ye heavens) they could haue little solace or content, in respecte of any outward objects, for sumer being done, all things stand vpon them with a wetherbeaten face; an ye whole countrie (full of woods & thickets) represented a wild & sauage heiw; If they looked behind them, ther was ye mighty Ocean which they had passed, and was now a maine barr, & goulfe, to seperate them from all ye ciuill parts of ye world. If it be said they had a ship to sucour them, it is trew; but what heard they daly from yo m2 & company? but y' with speede they should looke out a place (with their shallop) wher they would be, at some near distance; for ye season was shuch, as he would not stirr from thence, till a safe harbor was discouered by them, wher they would be, and he might goe without danger; and that victells consumed apace, but he must & would keepe sufficient for them selues, & their returne; yea it was muttered by some, that if they gott not a place in time, they would turne them, & their goods a shore, & leaue them. Let it be also considered what weake hopes of supply, & succoure, they left behinde them; yt might bear vp their minds in this sade condition, and trialls they were vnder; and they could not but be uery smale; It is true indeed, ye affections & loue of their brethren at Leyden was cordiall & entire towards them, but they had litle power to help them, or them selues; and how ye case stoode betwene them, & ye marchants, at their coming away hath allready been declared. What could now sustaine them, but ye Spirite of God & his grace? May not, & ought not the children of these fathers rightly say, our faithers were English men which came ouer this great Ocean, and were ready to perish in this willdernes, but they cried vnto ye Lord, and he heard their voyce, and looked on their aduersitie, &c.

[From History of the Plimoth Plantation. By William Bradford. Written from about 1630 onward. The text is that of the original manuscript, as printed in Doyle's facsimile.]

WAR

If you should but see Warre described to you in a Map, especially in a Countrey, well knowne to you, nay dearely beloved of you, where you drew your first breath, where once, yea where lately you dwelt, where you have received ten thousand mercies, and have many a deare friend and Countrey-man and kinsman abiding, how could you but lament and mourne?

Warre is the conflict of enemies enraged with bloody revenge, wherein the parties opposite carry their lives in their hands, every man turning prodigall of his very heart blood, and willing to be killed to kill. The instruments are clashing swords, ratling speares, skul-dividing Holberds, murthering pieces, and thundering Cannons, from whose mouthes proceed the fire, and smell, and smoake, and terrour, death, as it were, of the very bottomlesse pit. Wee wonder now and then at the sudden death of a man: alas, you might there see a thousand men not onely healthy, but stout and strong, struck dead in the twinckling of an eye, their breath exhales without so much as, Lord have mercy upon us. Death heweth its way thorow a wood of men in a minute of time from the mouth of a murderer, turning a forrest into a Champion suddenly; and when it hath used these to slay their opposites, they are recompenced with the like death themselves. O the shrill eare-piercing clangs of the Trumpets, noise of Drums, the animating voyces of Horse Captaines, and Commanders, learned and learning to destroy! There is the undaunted Horse whose neck is clothed with thunder, and the glory of whose nostrills is terrible; how doth hee lye pawing and prauncing in the valley, going forth to meete the armed men? he mocks at feare, swallowing the ground with fiercenesse and rage, and saving among the trumpets, Ha, Ha, hee smels the battell a far off, the thunder of the Captaines and the shouting. Here ride some dead men swagging in their deepe saddles; there fall others alive upon their dead Horses; death sends a message to those from the mouth of the Muskets, these it talkes with face to face, and stabs them in the fift rib: In yonder file there is a man hath his arme struck off from his shoulder, another by him hath lost his leg, here

stands a Soldier with halfe a face, there fights another upon his stumps, and at once both kils and is killed; not far off lies a company wallowing in their sweat and goare; such a man whilst he chargeth his Musket is discharg'd of his life, and falls upon his dead fellow. Every battell of the warriour is with confused noise and garments rouled in blood. Death reignes in the field, and is sure to have the day which side soever falls. In the meanewhile (O formidable!) the infernall fiends follow the Campe to catch after the soules of rude nefarous souldiers (such as are commonly men of that calling) who fight themselves fearlesly into the mouth of hell for revenge, a booty or a little revenue. How thicke and three-fold doe they speed one another to destruction? A day of battell is a day of harvest for the devill.

[From New Englands Teares, for Old Englands Feares. Preached in a Sermon on July 23, 1640, being a day of Publike Humiliation, appointed by the Churches in behalfe of our native Countrey in time of feared dangers. By William Hooke, 1641.]

ENGLAND AND AMERICA

AND therefore I cannot but admire, and indeed much pitty the dull stupidity of people necessitated in England, who rather then they will remove themselves, live here a base, slavish, penurious life; as if there were a necessity to live and to live so, choosing rather then they will forsake England to stuff New-gate, Bridewell, and other Jayles with their carkessies, nay cleave to tyburne it selfe; and so bring confusion to their souls horror and infamine to their kindred or posteritie, others itch out their wearisome lives in reliance of other mens charities, an uncertaine and unmanly expectation; some more abhorring such courses betake them selves to almost perpetuall and restlesse toyle and druggeries out of which (whilst their strength lasteth) they (observing hard diets, earlie and late houres) make hard shift to subsist from hand to mouth, untill age or sicknesse takes them off from labour and directs them the way to beggerie, and such indeed are to be pittied, relieved and provided for.

I have seriously considered when I have (passing the streets)

heard the several Cryes, and noting the commodities, and the worth of them they have carried and cryed up and down; how possibly a livelihood could be exacted out of them, as to cry Matches, Smal-Coal, Blacking, Pen and Ink, Thred-laces, and a hundred more such kinde of trifling merchandizes; then looking on the nastinesse of their linnen habits and bodies: I conclude if gain sufficient could be raised out of them for subsistance; yet their manner of living was degenerate and base; and their condition to be far below the meanest servant in Virginia.

[From Leah and Rachel, or, the Two Fruitfull Sisters Virginia and Maryland. By John Hammond, 1656.]

NEW ENGLAND

New England is said to begin at 40 and to end at 46 of Northerly Latitude, that is from de la Ware Bay to New-foundLand.

The Sea Coasts are accounted wholsomest, the East and South Winds coming from Sea produceth warm weather, the Northwest coming over land causeth extremity of Cold, and many times strikes the Inhabitants both English and Indian with that sad Disease called there the Plague of the back, but with us Empiema. The Country generally is Rocky and Mountanous, and extremely overgrown with wood, yet here and there beautified with large rich Valleys, wherein are Lakes ten, twenty, yea sixty miles in compass, out of which our great Rivers have their Beginnings.

Fourscore miles (upon a direct line) to the Northwest of Scarborow, a Ridge of Mountains run Northwest and Northeast an hundred Leagues, known by the name of the White Mountains, upon which lieth Snow all the year, and is a Land-mark twenty miles off at Sea. It is rising ground from the Sea shore to these Hills, and they are inaccessible but by the Gullies which the dissolved Snow hath made; in these Gullies grow Saven Bushes, which being taken hold of are a good help to the climbing Discoverer; upon the top of the highest of these Mountains is a large

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