How Capitalism Was Built: The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central AsiaCambridge University Press, 12 nov. 2012 Anders Aslund is known to make bold predictions that initially arouse controversy but soon become common wisdom. In Gorbachev's Struggle for Economic Reform (1989), he foresaw the collapse of the Soviet political and economic system. After Russia's financial crisis of 1998, observers declared the market economic experiment a failure, Aslund foresaw market economic success (Building Capitalism, 2002). In How Capitalism Was Built, 2nd Edition, he asks - and answers for the twenty-one countries he investigates: • Why did communism collapse? • Why did Russia not choose gradual reforms like China did? • Wherein lies the relative success of postcommunist transformation? • How did the oligarchs arise and decline vis-à-vis authoritarian leaders? Anyone who wants to understand the often confusing postcommunist dramas and obtain an early insight into the future will find this intellectually stimulating book useful. This edition includes updates to each chapter and new chapters on the impact of the global financial crisis and the European Union. |
Table des matières
| 4 | |
| 14 | |
Radical Reform versus Gradualism | 36 |
From Slump to Recovery and Boom | 65 |
The Creation of a Market Economy | 92 |
Development EBRD transition index 19902007 | 95 |
Gas and Coal | 108 |
From Hyperinflation to Financial Stability | 115 |
The Economic Role of Oligarchs | 201 |
Speed and Legitimacy of Property Rights | 211 |
Life and Health | 221 |
Education Adjusting to Demand | 227 |
Three Alternative Social Models | 237 |
The Political Economy of Policy Reform | 248 |
The Politics of Oligarchy | 258 |
Colored Revolutions | 264 |
Radical Fiscal Adjustment Was Key | 123 |
Currency Board or Free Float | 133 |
Dramas of Financial Stabilization | 141 |
The Russian Financial Crash of 1998 | 147 |
Major Lessons from Postcommunist Stabilization | 159 |
Differing Aims of Privatization | 166 |
If Started Swiftly Done | 176 |
Privatization of Land Real Estate and Housing | 186 |
From Crime Toward Law | 283 |
The Bane of Transition | 292 |
The Importance ofthe European Union | 301 |
The Global Financial Crisis 20072012 | 326 |
A World Transformed | 358 |
| 367 | |
| 401 | |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
Armenia Aslund authoritarian Azerbaijan Baltic countries became Belarus benefits budget deficits Bulgaria businesspeople capital Central and Eastern Central Europe Central European corruption currency current-account Czech Republic democracy democratic deregulation dominant East Germany Eastern Europe Eastern European countries EBRD economic growth economic reform elections elite enterprises Estonia European banks exchange rate exports financial crisis financing firms first fiscal fixed foreign former Soviet Union Georgia high inflation Hungary hyperinflation income initial institutions investment Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia liberalization Lithuania macroeconomic managers market economy market reform Moldova monetary oflicials ofthe oligarchs output pensions percent of GDP Poland political post-Soviet countries postcommunist countries profit property rights public expenditures Putin radical reform regime region rent seeking Romania ruble zone Russia sector significant Slovakia socialist Soviet Union stabilization structural reforms subsidies substantial Tajikistan tion trade transition countries Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Western whereas World Bank