GENERAL HISTORY, Wor-ithout ANCIENT AND MODERN, BY ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER, F. R. S. E History 3437 WITH A CONTINUATION, TERMINATING AT THE DEMISE OF KING GEORGE III., 1,820. BY REV. EDWARD NARES, D. D. Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford TO WHICH ARE ADDED, A SUCCINCT HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES; WITH ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS BY AN AMERICAN GENTLEMAN. SUPPLYING IMPORTANT OMISSIONS, BRINGING DOWN THE NARRATION AND CORREcting many PASSAGES RELATING TO THE HISTORY OF THIS COUNTRY. WITH AN IMPROVED TABLE OF CHRONOLOGY; A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF ANCIENT AND MODERN GEOGRAPHY; AND QUESTIONS ON EACH SECTION. ADAPTED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES, DISTRICT, OF NEW-HAMPSHIRE, (pit District Clerk's office. BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the sixth day of November, A. D. 1,824, and in the forty-ninth year of the Independence of the United States of America, ISAAC HILL, of the said District, has deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof he claims as proprietor, in the words following, to wit: "Elements of General History, ancient and modern. By Alexander Fraser Tytler, F. R S. E. Professor of History in the University of Edinburgh. With a continuation, terminating at the demise of King George III., 1,820. By Rev. Edward Nares, D. D. Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford. To which are added, a succinct History of the United States; with additions and alterations, by an American gentleman. Supplying important omissions, bringing down the narration of events to the beginning of the present year, and correcting many passages relating to the history of this country. With an improved Table of Chronology; a comparative view of Ancient and Modern Geography; and Questions on each section. Adapted for the use of Schools and Academies, by an experienced Teacher." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled, "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned;" and also an act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act, entitled an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints." A true copy of Record. WILLIAM CLAGGETT, Clerk of the District of New-Hampshire. Attest........WILLIAM CLAGGETT, Clerk. 6M-21-3212K THE following work contains the Outlines of a Course of Lectures on General History, delivered for many years in the University of Edinburgh, and received with a portion of the public approbation amply sufficient to compensate the labours of the author. He began to compose these Elements principally with the view of furnishing an aid to students attending his Lectures; but soon conceived, that, by giving a little more amplitude to their composition, he might render the work of more general utility. As now given to the public, he would willingly flatter himself that it may be not only serviceable to youth, in furnishing a regular plan for the prosecution of this important study, but useful even to those who have acquired a competent knowledge of general history from the perusal of the works of detached historians, and who wish to methodize that knowledge, or even to refresh their memory on material facts and the order of events. In the composition of these Elements the author has endeavoured to unite with the detail of facts, so much of reflection as to aid the mind in the formation of rational views of the causes and consequences of events, as well as of the policy of the actors; but he has anxiously guarded against that speculative refinement which has sometimes entered into works of this nature. Such works profess to exhibit the philosophy or the spirit of history, but are more adapted to display the writer's ingenuity as a theorist, or talents as a rhetorician, than to instruct the reader in the more useful knowledge of historical facts. As the progress of the human mind forms a capital object in the study of history, the state of the arts and sciences, the religion, laws, government, and manners of nations, are material parts, even in an elementary work of this nature. The history of literature is a most important article in this study. The author has therefore endeavoured to give to each of these topics its due share of attention; and in that view they are separately treated, in distinct sections, at particular periods of time. Edinburgh, April 1801. ALEX. FRASER TYTLER. ADVERTISEMENT. In preparing this edition, the original text of Tytler and Nares has been carefully revised and corrected. Part IV., which contains the History of South America, New Spain, and the West Indies, has been added. These countries are scarcely noticed in former editions; but they have acquired a rank and importance which make their history equally important to the plan of this work, and equally interesting, with that of most countries in Europe. Additions have also been made to many chapters in Part III., by which the history is continued to the commencement of 1,824. The Questions for Examination in the edition of 1,823, have been corrected, and new Questions are added, adapted to the additions made to the text. The publisher has been at considerable expense in obtaining these improvements, but he trusts that they make this edition decidedly superior to any that has been hitherto published. CONTENTS. Advantages arising from the Study of History, and more particularly Sect. 1. Earliest authentic Accounts of the History of the World Scct. 2. Considerations on the Nature of the First Governments, and |