The Buddhist Architecture of GandhāraBRILL, 1 nov. 2003 - 464 pages Gandhara, with its wide variety of architectural remains and sculptures, has for many decades perplexed students of South and Central Asia. Kurt Behrendt in this volume for the first time and convincingly offers a description of the development of 2nd century B.C.E. to 8th century C.E. Buddhist sacred centers in ancient Gandhara, today northwest Pakistan. Regional variations in architecture and sculpture in the Peshawar basin, Swat, and Taxila are discussed. At last a chronological framework is given for the architecture and the sculpture of Gandhara, but also light is being shed on how relic structures were utilized through time, as devotional imagery became increasingly significant to Buddhist religious practice. With an important comparative overview of architectural remains, it is indispensable for all those interested in the development of the early Buddhist tradition of south and central Asia and the roots of Buddhism elsewhere in Asia. |
Table des matières
Introduction | 1 |
Overview of Greater Gandhāra | 12 |
Architecture and Sculpture from Phase I | 39 |
The Development of Relic Shrines Phases I and II | 61 |
The Phase II Sacred Area | 77 |
The Phase II Distribution and Function of Sculpture | 109 |
Phase III Architecture and Sculpture from Taxila | 135 |
Phase III and IV Architecture in the Peshawar Basin | 175 |
The FourPhase Chronological System | 255 |
Dating Gandhāran Sculpture | 268 |
Reuse of Images and Its Bearing on the Dating of Gandhāran Sculpture | 288 |
Numeric Count of Sculpture Types from Some Peshawar Basin Sites | 296 |
Glossary | 305 |
Bibliography | 311 |
Index | 323 |
HANDBBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES | 337 |
Phase III Sculpture in the Peshawar Basin | 211 |
Buddhist Architecture and Sculpture of Gandhāra Conclusions | 234 |
Figures | 339 |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
Afghanistan appears Appendix Archaeological Survey ashlar ASIFC Behrendt bodhisattvas Buddha Buddha images Buddhas and bodhisattvas Buddhist sites built Butkara cell century C.E. chronology coins construction depictions devotional icons dharmacakra Dharmarājikā complex diaper masonry early embellishment end of phase Errington Excavations extant Faccenna false gable gandhakuți Gandhara Greater Gandhāra Hephthalites Ibid iconography image shrines imagery inscription Jamāl Gaṛhī Jauliāñ Kālawān Kujula Kadphises Kushan Kuwayama late phase Loose Sculpture lower sacred area main stūpa Marjanai masonry Mekhasanda Mohṛā Morādu monastery monastic small sacred mountain vihāras mudrā narrative reliefs niches numismatic Numismatic Evidence Pakistan patronage period Peshawar basin Phase II Architecture phase II stūpas pradakṣinapatha quadrangular monasteries Ranigat Report sacred area Sahrī-Bahlôl Saidu Saidu Sharif schist sculpture seated Buddha semi-ashlar masonry Sikri Sirkap small sacred area small stūpas South Asian Archaeology Śrāvastī composite structures stucco stupa stūpa court Survey of India Swāt Taddei Takht-i-bāhī Taxila Thareli two-celled shrine vedikā