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debted for the likeness, to the bust of Jay by Ceracchi, but the composition and accessories are his own. The drapery is well managed, and the execution of the whole bust so delicate and accurate, as to bear the minutest inspection. On the whole, it is a grand and striking head, and does great credit to the artist.

A Singular Geological Fact.-In digging out the foundation of the projected Exchange Coffee House, in Dock street, in this city, the workmen came to an old tan yard, with a part of the former vats in place. There appears to have been a natural spring and a run of water, upon the ancient banks of which the vegetable remains are converted into a black combustible substance, resembling PEAT. Some persons were astonished to find the planks of the vats in such a state of preservation, but this is one of the properties of peat. In the B. Philosophical Transactions for 1734, there is a letter from Doctor Balguy, giving an account of the preservation of two human bodies in peat for 59

years. The one, a male, was perfect, his beard was strong, the hair of his beard was short, and his skin hard, and of a tanred leather colour; the joints of his legs played freely, without the least stiffness. The other, a female, was more injured, but her hair was like a living person's.

The corner stone of the "Hospital for the Blind and Lame" was laid on Monday last. The edifice is to be raised in pursuance of directions made in the last testament of JAMES WILLS, Esq. whose beneficent bequest for such an institution is well known.

By a calculation, it appears that allowing 32 years for a generation, and reckoning 5,287 years from Adam to the present time, that 145 thousand millions of human beings have existed on the earth since the system of our globe commenced.

Rail Roads.-There are now finished, in progress, and projected, in the United States, two thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight miles of Rail Roads.

Heligious Intelligence.

FOREIGN.

We believe that the greater part of our readers feel rather more deeply interested in the Missions which are established in Ceylon and the Sandwich Islands, than in, perhaps, any other that are going forward in foreign lands; not because these missions are more important than others, but from the circumstance that they have directly contributed to these, more than to others; and that some have friends and relations employed in these Missionary fields. We fill, for the present month, most of the limited space which our pages allow to Religious Intelligence, with the most recent accounts of the state of the missions established in the island of Ceylon, taken from the Missionary Herald for April.

CEYLON.

Extracts from the Journal of Mr. Poor at Batticotta.

"The last extracts from Mr. Poor's journal were inserted at pp. 371-3 of the last volume, extending to March 31, 1831. The members of the church in the seminary are employed during their vacations

as readers, exhorters, and distributors of mission-house and property at Manepy by tracts among the people. The loss of the fire was noticed in the last volume, p.

369.

"April 9, 1831. From the reports made by the church members this evening of what they saw and heard during the vacagreat triumph, in consequence of the burntion, it appears that the heathen enjoy a ing of the mission premises at Manepy. They affirm that that event furnishes decisive proof that their god, Ganesa, is superior to the God of the Christians. When reminded that the Tamul temples are sometimes robbed, and sometimes burnt, together with the idol gods which they contain; they readily admit that such occurrences are proofs of the imbecility of their gods; but it is enough that they may now, as they think, bring a similar proof against the ability or willingness of Jehovah to protect the missionaries. The burning of the premises furnishes a very good occasion for bringing to view some important principles of the government of God, and of his dealings towards his people.

"10. Sabbath. Preached from the text 'Man is born to trouble as the sparks fly upward,' showing the benevolent designs of the Almighty in bringing afflictions upon persons of various descriptions. Visit of the Bishop of Calcatta to the Station.

"April 15. Early this morning, according to a previous arrangement, the bishop of Calcutta, with several other gentle

men, and all the missionaries in the district, with one exception, visited the station. Agreeably to appointment, the members of the female boarding school from Oodooville, and of the preparatory school at Tillipally, assembled here. Before breakfast the female school, arranged in order with their sewing and books, were introduced to the notice of the company. Each scholar was required to read a small portion from the New Testament, and in turn to answer questions which the bishop proposed to them, by means of an interpreter, on the leading truths of Christianity.

At half past ten o'clock we assembled in Ottley Hall (being the first time it has been occupied on any publick occasion) for an examination of the members of the preparatory school, and seminary. After a few remarks relative to the origin and progress of our boarding school system, two classes were hastily examined in English spelling and the first rules of arithmetick. A schedule was then presented containing the course of study pursued by each of the four classes in the seminary, during the last three months, with a request that the bishop would have the goodness to select those branches in which he might wish to have the students examined, it being obviously impossible to examine them in their whole course, in a single day. The fourth class consisting of thirty members were first examined, half of them in construing the New Testament from English to Tamul, and the other half in vulgar fractions. The third class, twenty in number, were then examined in the first lessons on astronomy. The second and third classes were minutely examined in Scripture history and chronology. This exercise was closed by the members of the second class, eighteen in number, repeating each one a different portion of Scripture, selected by himself, proving that the great events represented by the stone spoken of in Nebuchadnezzar's vision, which was cut out without hands, and which smote the image,' &c, will be accomplished in their time, viz. In the days of these kings, shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed.' After a short recess, the first class, twenty in number, were examined in Euclid's Elements, and in the Gospel of Luke.* A

"In the latter branch they were examined in accordance with a method of studying the Scriptures recently introduced into the seminary, a correct idea of which may be formed by considering the following questions as specimens, viz. What are the contents of the 10th chapter of Luke? What subject is treated of in the 18th chapter? Where may we find the parable of the unjust steward?"

few specimens of declamation were then given on subjects relating to the Hindoo system of mythology and science, closed by an address to the bishop, pronounced by a member of the first class, (though not composed by him) in behalf of his fellowstudents; the object of which was to describe in a few particulars the nature of the mental process, relating both to science and religion, through which the members of the seminary have passed, from the time of their being brought under the tuition of the missionaries to the present period. After the address the bishop expressed the gratification he had felt on the occasion, and also presented some weighty considerations to induce the students to persevere in the course on which they have entered, assuring them of his best wishes, and of his readiness to co-operate with the conductors of the seminary in forwarding their designs.

"Thus ended the exercises of a very busy day. On comparing this examination with those that have preceded it, two circumstances are worthy of notice as being peculiar. One is, that a far greater portion of time than usual was spent in the examination of the classes in biblical studies; the other, that the bishop acted the part of an examiner in all branches, to a greater extent than any other person who has hitherto visited the seminary. Before taking leave of us, he intimated that it was his intention to furnish us with some memento of his visit, and of his cordial approbation of our plans of procedure. He also requested a statement of particulars relating to the destruction of the mission premises at Manepy, saying it was his intention to use his influence, in procuring subscriptions in aid of the repairs of the station.

"As a substitute for many remarks that might be made, expressive of our views of the character of bishop Turner, I shall only observe that his whole deportment was such as forcibly to remind us of the description of bishops drawn by the pen of inspiration. All who are interested in the welfare of Zion have, we think, cause for special thanksgiving to the great Head of the church, for appointing in his providence such a personage to preside over the interests of the infant church in India. The reflection that we are co-workers together with him in the same part of our Master's vineyard, cannot fail to quicken and encourage us in our work.

missionaries speak with so much respect "This excellent prelate, of whom the cured the love and esteem of all the friends and affection, and who seems to have seof Christianity in India, has fallen a saof him by his extensive diocese. crifice to the excessive labours required He died on the 7th of July, soon after his return to Calcutta from the visitation in which

he was engaged when on the island of Ceylon. Mr. Winslow remarks that the spirit manifested by bishop_Turner, and his whole conduct while at Jaffna corresponded well with the character given of a bishop by Paul, in his Epistle to Timothy. Bishop Middleton, the first who was raised to the episcopal dignity in India, died on the 8th of July, 1822. Bishop Turner is the fourth bishop of that diocese who has died within nine years.

"Mr. Poor proceeds

"April 17. Sabbath. At half past six o'clock, attended church at Jaffnapatam where one hundred and five persons, of different classes, were confirmed by the bishop. At eleven o'clock attended church again. The bishop preached from the text, And Jacob vowed a vow unto the Lord.' In the afternoon I preached in Tamul, at Nellore, from Better that thou shouldst not vow than that thou shouldst vow and not pay.' Several natives who were admitted to the rite of confirmation in the morning were present.

"18. Returned to Batticotta in the evening. Since the bishop's arrival in Jaffna, I have at different times had favourable opportunities of learning some of the results of his extensive observation on missionary and other kindred subjects. In view of all that I have heard, I am much strengthened in the belief of some important principles of a practical nature, which I had adopted as the result of my own experience and observation, during my residence among the heathen; particularly, that no substantial and permanent advantages can reasonably be anticipated from the diffusion of general knowledge among the Hindoos, excepting so far as it is accompanied with a knowledge of Christianity, the only system which the only wise God has seen fit to reveal for man's guidance; that consequently, school-book societies, proceeding on the principle of furnishing books on science and general knowledge, to the exclusion of those of a religious na ture, are performing a hazardous experiment: for though there are Bible and tract societies in the country, it by no means follows, either in theory or practice, that those natives who receive supplies of books on science from the book societies will receive books on moral and religious subjects from other quarters; that when the natives become sufficiently enlightened by science and general knowledge to discover the absurdities of the prevailing system, they must almost of necessity be driven to atheism or to the worst species of deism, unless the requisite means are put into their hands for becoming acquainted with the true God and Jesus Christ his Son, whom to know aright is life eternal; consequently, that native free-schools, taught by heathen school-masters, which, in consequence of their distance from mis

sionary stations, or for any other reason, do not admit of a vigilant superintendence and direct Christian influence, promise little or nothing in favour of the progress of divine truth; that that delicacy of feeling against interference, which prevents the introduction of the Scriptures and other religious books into native schools, arises from a very questionable source; and that the alleged difficulty and danger of a gradual and prudent introduction of these books are to a great extent imaginary. In view of this subject we have reason to be well satisfied with what we consider to be the leading feature in our projected college, and which is expressed in the following extract from the prospectus.

"It is the moral influence which the projectors of the present seminary wish to keep primarily and most distinctly in view. Should it even appear singular, they are not ashamed of the singularity of attempting to found a college, not so much literary as religious; and indeed literary no farther than learning can be made auxiliary to religion. In a word, their design is to teach the knowledge of God; and developing all the important relations of the creature to the Creator for time and eternity.

NOTICES OF OODOOVILLE.

"Seriousness among the People.-After mentioning that a number of the schoolmasters, were anxious respecting their salvation; and that six individuals, including two girls of the school, were candidates for admission to the church, and that of ten or twelve others he was indulging hopes, while the sericusness of others was wearing off, Mr. Winslow, under date of April 1, 1831, proceeds

"Every degree of excitement produced by the proper use of the means of grace, and through the influence of the Spirit of truth, is attended with hope; as those once awakened (at least among this people) generally become more susceptible of subsequent impressions, and often, after several seasons of awakening, followed by relapses, are at length hopefully converted. A number of cases which have occurred of this character encourage us in regard to those who were awakened, but appear now to be again falling asleep; and excite the hope that many of them, especially many of the children in the schools, may be truly converted at some future period; and that the late excitement may, in their case, be a preparation for a more thorough work. In this view, as well as in looking at those who already give some evidence of piety, the recent display of divine grace calls for our warmest thanksgiving.

"Schools.-The female boarding-school had received two girls from families more respectable than those from which they

were usually obtained. The native freeschools were prosperous, containing 650 boys and 140 girls. Number of schools connected with the station was 20.

Preachers Licensed. Of the young men who have attended the theological class, Nathaniel Niles and Charles A. Goodrich, received license and public designation as preachers of the gospel and candidates for ordination on the 20th January, at our quarterly communion Timothy Dwight was also examined and approved in respect to his qualifications, but some family reasons and the state of his health prevented his receiving license. The young men who received license also received a public charge, in the presence of the church and congregation. In the afternoon of the same day they both, for the first time, went into the pulpit, and after Goodrich had read and expounded a portion of scripture and prayed, Niles preached an impressive sermon, in which he enforced the duty of the native church to raise up and send forth native preachers.

NOTICES OF PANDITERIPO.

Dr. Scudder, under date of April 1, remarks that he did not know that any new cases of conversion had occurred during the quarter. Most of those who had been awakened still attended the inquiry meeting. Two were candidates for the church. Truth appeared to be making an impression on the minds of many. All the children connected with the native free schools were formed into a Sabbath school, and the larger children and those who appear to be thoughtful are assembled for conversation every Sabbath and sometimes on Tuesday. The members of this class do good among their friends, by praying, reading, and conversation.

Dr. Scudder's labours among the Ca

Some

tholics were much as heretofore. new tracts had been printed and distributed. Great opposition was manifested and many of the Catholics had petitioned the governor to put a stop to these efforts to overthrow their religion.

The number of native free-schools was 14, containing 420 scholars; of whom 338 were boys, and 82 girls.

NOTICES OF TILLIPALLY.

Mr. Spaulding, under date of March 31, states that he had recently made a tour in company with five native helpers, to the pearl fishery, taking with him a few portions of scripture and 6,000 tracts, all of which they distributed, after reading and explaining them to the people. The candour manifested by the Catholics and heathen from the adjacent continent led him to suppose that a tour to that neglected field would do much towards preparing the way of the Lord. Many Protestants there have joined the Catholics, because

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Carpenter, Elkanah

Crane, Elias W.
Hopkins, Samuel

Kollock, Henry

Lawton, Luther,
Lincklain, John'

McLean, Allen
Miller, Samuel
Morrison, William

Osborne, Truman
Pillsbury, Levi

Patterson, James

Riggs, David

Rogers, Ezekiel

Stafford, Ward
Summerfield, John

Swett, Samuel
Williams, Stephen

Woodbury, Curtis

timore, Md.

A legacy from E. C., Newport, N. H.

Ed. Soc., Springfield N. J. Ed. and For. Mis. Soc., Claremont, N. H.

Hea. School Soc., Savannah, Geo.

Age.

19.00

9

12

15

13

15

A friend, Burton, Ohio.

8

Miss H. A. L. Lincklain,

C., N. Y.

14

Young Men's Union, Sims

bury, Con.

11

8

12

11

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Soc. Theol. Sem., Princeton, N. J.

Individuals, Londonderry, N. H.

Ladies, Charleston, S. C. Young Men's Soc. Winchendon, Ms.

Gent. and Ladies Asso.,

Females, Charlestown, Ms. 11 Fem. Mite Soc. Baltimore,

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In this list there are names of some

boys who were in the school before, and in one or two cases the names of boys who formerly came as day scholars. The reason is, where we had evidence that the payments were continued, and where the boy formerly taken almost immediately left the school we considered the benefactors entitled to another appropriation.

Church.-There has been.one addition to the church during the quarter, and as the case is somewhat uncommon and encouraging, I will give the particulars.

Death of a Female Member.-The sister of the schoolmaster who died 27th of June, 1830, as mentioned in the quarterly account at that time, first came to the station, supporting her brother by one arm, but a short time before his death, I was pleased with her attention to him as it seemed more than is common among this people. Before he died, he exhorted her to leave idols and believe on Jesus Christ; and as his last dying charge, he told her to keep the Sabbath, to go to church, and to attend the weekly meet

ings for women on Friday. With this she strictly complied; and though often very infirm and unable to walk far, she was seldom absent. She was uniformly attentive, and from week to week gave evidence that she gradually understood and profited by what she heard. About three months ago she became worse, so as to be unable to come to the station. As her body and strength wasted away, her mind became more clear and her faith and hope more strong. She often expressed a wish to join the church. About the middle of February, she sent to me, say ing, "I shall not live: I shall soon die: I wish you to baptize me, and give me the sacrament before I die." Her uniform feelings at that time may be learned from a single expression. When asked if she loved Christ, she replied, "Yes. He is my trust, my only trust;" and reaching out her withered hands, she added, "I have laid hold of him: I will not let him go." When asked if she did not sometimes think of the idols, and feel inclined to trust to heathen gods, she said, "No, don't want, don't want," shaking her hands and head in disgust. On February 22d she was baptized and admitted to the ordinance of the Lord's supper. As she was unable to come to the church, or even to rise from her mat, we went to her house.

Some mats were spread under a tree, and on them were seated a few of the neighbours, most of the boys in the preparatory school, and some of the church members. The old woman was then brought out by two females, one her daughter, and the other a member of the church, and supported in a sitting posture while we asked her of the hope which she had, and administered to her the ordinances. To all our questions she gave such attention and answers as showed that her heart was most deeply engaged and interested in what she was doing. She gradually wasted away until she was little more than an animated skeleton, but her mind was filled with the hope and anticipated joy of seeing her Saviour and of being like him. The last time I called on her before she died, her mind seemed to be in a very happy state. Before I left, she took hold of her daughter's hand and put it into mine, wishing me to teach her the way to heaven. On inquiry she said she bought rice and milk to the amount of three pence, for which she was indebted, and that she had nothing to pay. I found that all her expenses for different articles of food amounted to one penny a day. She died on the 1st of April, and was interred in the burying ground belonging to the church.

View of Publick Affairs.

EUROPE.

Advices have been received from Britain (Liverpool) to the first of March; and from France (Havre) two days less recent. The state of Europe is the same, in all material respects, as we exhibited it in our last number; and from no part of the world have we heard news of much importance in the past month. Our view of publick affairs therefore will be very summary.

In Britain two objects—the Cholera and the Reform Bill-engross the publick attention. The Cholera is in London and in Edinburgh; but in neither of those cities are the cases numerous; and in both, at the date of the last accounts, the disease seemed to be losing, rather than gaining ground. The physicians and publick journalists seem now to regard this epidemick as not terrifick; and as altogether unworthy of being regarded as so alarming, as it was at first considered.-The Reform Bill was still before the House of Commons, and its enemies were gaining strength in their opposition to it. In the House of Lords it was understood that it would be opposed with the same firmness, and with nearly as much force, as on a former occasion, when it was thrown out. The measure also of creating new peers, was less likely than some time since, to be adopted in the last resort. Indeed many believed, that the present ministry must resign. The issue is yet doubtful; but it seems to us that either reform, or something more serious to the aristocracy, and perhaps to the monarch too, must ere long take place. The controversy is not yet settled between Holland and Belgium. Holland steadfastly refuses to submit to the award of the London conference of the Great Powers; and it is said that Russia countenances her refusal. Troops are raised in both the contending States, and war is apparently threatened; but we suspect, and hope, it will all end in fumo.

In France we have noticed no new occurrence of importance, except that it is confidently stated that France has united with Britain, in declaring to the king of Spain that he shall not interfere in the concerns of Portugal-that he shall not favour Don Miguel in the expected conflict between him and Don Pedro, for the crown of that kingdom. If this be so, the beloved Ferdinand will be at some loss how to shape his course; and yet it is affirmed, that he is determined, at all risks, to support the cause of his friend and fellow tyrant. One division of Don Pedro's expedition had sailed from Belle Isle for Terceira, and another division, coming from France, had reached

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