reasons just stated, which is, that there is nothing arbitrary in this new mode, it being founded on Nature, as well as the present System of Tuition. It is therefore beautifully simple and invariable; and, if the inquisitive student read with attention the definition of the mètre and the gramme, he will feel the force and truth of my observation. TABLE DES POIDS ET MESURES DÉCIMALES, Avec leurs divisions et valeurs comparées aux anciennes, suivant l'arrêté du gouvernement Français du 13 Brumaire, an 9 (1801.) Noms des mesures et des Division et valeur en me poids nouveaux. Le myriamètre Le kilomètre Le decimètre Le mètre Le décimètre L'hectare Le kilolitre L'hectolitre Le décalitre Le litre I e sière Le décistère Le myriagramme Le gramme sures et poids nouveaux. 10,000 mètres 1000 metres 10 mètres Unité principale des nou Valeur en mesures et poids anciens. 5132 toises 43 centièmes, environ deux lieues moyennes, ou une poste. 513 toises deux dixièmes, environ un petit quart de lieue. Environ trente pieds neuf pouces six lignes. 3 pieds 0 pouce 11 lignes 44 centièmes, 101 velles mesures. Le mètre cent-vingtièmes d'aune de Paris, un peu est égal à la dix-milho-plus de cinq sixièmes. nième partie de l'arc duj méridien terrestre, compris entre le pôle boreal et l'équateur. Le mètre jest l'élément de toutes les mesureset même des poids. La dixième partie du mètre. La centième partie du metre, ou 10 millimètres 10,000 mètres cartes, on cent ares 100 mètres carrés ou 100 centiares 1 metre cube ou 100 décimètres cubes, ou mille litres 3 pouces 8 lignes 11 trente-deuxièmes, environ un 12me d'aune de Paris. 4 lignes 10 vingt-troisièmes. Environ 2 grands arpens de 100 perches carrees de 22 pieds. Environ vingt-six toises carrées. 50461 pouces cubes 5 dixièmes. Pour les matières seches le kilolitre remplace le muid, et contient à-peu-près 6 setiers et 7 boisseaux. Pour les liquides à-peu-près le tonneau de vin de Bordeaux composé de quatre pièces. 100 décimètres cubes, 5045 pouces cubes, un peu plus de deux ou cent litres. tiers de l'ancien setier. Pour les liquides cette mesure remplace la feuillette, et contient environ 105 pintes. The décamètre The decimetre The hectare The kilolitre The hectolitre The stère (in wood mea- The decistère (ditto) The kilogramme. 1,000 mètres 10 mètres a It is the ten-millionth part of One-tenth of a metre. Value in English measures and 32,809 feet, 2 inches, or 6 miles, 1129 feet, 2 inches. 3260 feet, 11 inches, or nearly threefifths of a mile. 32 feet, 907 inches 39.3702 inches, or about three and one-third feet. Nearly four inches. One hundredth of a mètre, or Nearly four-tenths of an inch. ten millimètres. 10,000 square mètres. 100 square metres, or 100 cen tiarec. It is the element of square measures. 1000 litres, or a cubic metre. 100 litres, or 100 cubic décimètres. 2 acres, 1 rood, 35.4 perches. 264 gallons, and one-third of a cubic inch. 26 gallous, four and one-third cubic inches. 2 galions, 64 and one-third of a cubic linch. 1 cubic decimètre,or 10 décilitres. 61,6242 cubic inches, or 2 pints and 1 cubic metre. It is the element] The tenth part of a stère. 1000 grammes 100 grammes 10 grammes 10 decigrammes About 35 and one-third cubic feet. About 34 cubic feet. 26 pounds, 9 oz. 15 dwt. 1.46 grs. Troy weight. 2 pounds, 3 oz. 5 drms. 3 oz. 8 drms, and a halfavoirdupois. 6 dwt. 10 grns. 44 hundredths. 15,444 English grains, or 0022063 It is the weight of a centimètre avoirdupois pounds. of distilled or pure water at its This weight is the unit or standard of the new system of weights 0123 4 3 30 11 40 11 5011 0123 L 10 fois 0 font 0 11 fois 0 font 012 fois o font 0 5 55 12 0123456 84 The Reader (with the numerous class* of beginners whom I suppose ready to receive instruction,) is now requested to return to page viii. as I am about to initiate him into the most minute particulars of this new mode of tuition.+ The Master first, in a loud and distinct voice, reads A in his copy, the whole class in unison repeat A from theirs: Master-B; Class-E: and so on, until each letter of the alphabet has been successively pronounced in a similar manner.‡ The Master next proceeds to the accents, &c. informing the Class of their number in the French language, their names, and in what manner they affect the pronunciation of the vowels, with every other particular essential to the due knowledge of them. He now says, à accent grave; the Class repeat, à accent grave. Master-â accent circonflexe ;|| Class —â accent circonflexe. Master-é accent aigu; Class-é accent aigu. Master-è accent grave; Class-è accent grave. Master-ê accent circonflexe; Class-ê accent circonflexe. Master-ë tréma; Class-ë tréma and so on for the other accented vowels, &c. When the Master comes to the Cédille, he will proceed thus: • It must not be lost sight of, that this mode of instruction applies equally well to private tuition, and even to self-tuition, by means of the scheme given to the English student for proBouncing French sounds accurately in Vol. II. p. 109, et seq. I would advise the reader to peruse the whole of this development attentively, before he begins to attend to the notes, which I think would have better effect if deferred to the second reading. The notes are so numerous, and some of them so very copious, that, though essential to the full illustration of the subject, they might embarrass the student if read with the text at the outset. It is of the utmost importance that the following directions should be attended to :-ist. A short interval or pause must take place between the voices of the Teacher and the Scholars, in order to allow time for the former to make due impression on the ears of the latter. 2dly, The Scholars must all repeat, at the same time, or simultaneously, the sounds uttered by the Teacher; thus forming, with each particular voice, one general sound. 3dly, The Scholars should not strain their voices in order to speak very loud, as they would thereby injure the pronunciation, fatigue their lungs, and become noisy, which is particularly repugnant to this system of tuition, as it is grounded on extreme attention, regularity, precision, and uniformity. Sounds tolerably loud will therefore lead to the best articulation. It is worthy of observation, that children, who by a suggestion of Nature are always inclined to speak loud when they are taught simultaneously deviate from it when they are mixed in a class with others much older than themselves, a circumstance highly detrimental to their progress, as a very feeble impression, instead of a powerful one, is made on their ears, while their attention (which, on the contrary, is ensured and fixed, by their speaking loud,) necessarily becomes weak. In order to obviate this, let children sit together on the first forms, and let the Teacher always insist on their speaking sufficiently loud,—an example which has a due influence on those older than themselves. The Master will observe to give the accented vowels the sounds which they receive in consequence of the accents being placed over them, and not pronounce, for instance, è, é, ëj é accent grave, é accent circonfiexe, é tréma, as is commonly dore. Master-ç, cédille; Class―ç, cédille. Master-a, ça; Class—a, çu. The Master then goes on with the other vowels, which he pronounces himself, and causes the class to pronounce in the same manner as the letters of the alphabet; this being done, he will give, as an exercise to the Class, a few words to be pronounced after him, in which those vowels, occur: for instance, such words as (eu) peu à peu, peu peureux, deux heureux, des vœux pour eux; (ou) mou, sou, loup, trou, doux courroux, contre-coup, coup sur coup; (an) en entrant, en dansant, en mangeant, en descendant, en s'avançant, en commençant; (in) du vin, du pain, combien ce chien, c'est bien chrétien, le mien, le tien, le sien; (on) mon, ton, son, long, son bon bastion, fortification, consternation, abomination, l'abomination de la désolation; (un), un parfum commun, c'est un importun, chacun est à jeun, les uns, les Huns, pour un, contre un, avec un, plus d'un, trop d'un, assez d'un, pas assez d'un, quoiqu'un, pourvu qu'un, avunt qu'un, soit qu'un, sur un, sans un, pas un.▾ He now enters upon the orthographical signs; the name of each of which is to be pronounced, first by the Master, and immediately after by the Class; and then spelt both by the Master and the Class, thus: Master-apostrophe; Class-apostrophe. Master-a, a; Class-a, a.t Master-p; Class-p. Master—o ; Class o. Master-s; Class-s. Master-pos; Class-pos. Mastera-pos; Class-a-pos. Master-t; Class-t. Master-r; Class-r. Master-o; Class-o. Master-tro; Class-tro. Master-a-pos tro; Class-a-pos-tro. Master-p; Class-p. Master-h; Class-h. Mas.... ter-e; Class-e. Master-phe; Class-phe. Master-a-pos-tro-phe ; Class-a-pos-tro-phe; and so on to the end of the series.‡ The pronunciation of the cardinal numbers follows next in order. The Class will therefore cast their eyes on them in their respective books, page x. Master-un, masculin; Class-un, masculin. Master-une, féminin; Class-une, féminin. Master-deux, masculin et féminin; Class-deux, The Master would do well to make his class go every school-day rapidly through the whole of the above series of words; and he is referred, as well as the Scholar, to page 109, et seg. of Vol. II. for further explanation and elucidation of these peculiar sounds. This repetition of the vowel is necessary to indicate that it forms a syllable of itself. Spelling the names of the orthographical signs may be dispensed with after the first time. |