Conjugate like PEINDRE PLAIRE RIRE Rejoindre, to rejoin. Repeindre, to paint again. ROMPRE Restraindre, to restrain. TRAIRE Extraire, to abstract. Rentraire, to darn. VAINCRE Convaincre, to convince. (Revivre, to revive. VIVRE Survivre, to survive. PASSIVE VERBS.* 246. All the active verbs can be made passive by using their complement direct as their subject, and their subject as their complement indirect, as: * Properly there is no passive verb in French. The French grammarians have borrowed the passive form from the Latin. But they have not kept in mind that Amare," "Aimer, "To Love," can be made passive by altering its termination, whilst such a change cannot be made in French. Amari, " to be loved," cannot be translated in French without the help of words foreign to 66 Aimer." Ce garçon ne m'a pas trompé Je n'ai pas été trompé par ce That boy has not deceived me. garçon I have not been deceived by that boy. Le maître chérit les bons Les bons élèves sont chéris de élèves leur maître The master cherishes the good The good pupils are cherished pupils. by the master. 247. To conjugate a passive verb, add to every person of the verb être the past participle of the active verb; taking care to make that participle agree as an adjective with the subject of the passive verb. 248.-Observe that the change of the active form into the passive can be effected only by means of the preposition par or de, placed before the word that was the subject of the active verb. I could, would, or should be I could, would, or should have That I may or can be flattered That I may or can have been 249.-A passive verb is conjugated negatively and interrogatively by adding its past participle to the verb être conjugated negatively or interrogatively, as:— Many French verbs like Flatter can represent not only an action-1st, performed by their subject, as: je flatte, I flatter, -2ndly, suffered by the subject, as: je suis flatté, I am flattered; but they can also represent an action-3rdly, performed by the subject and reflected on the subject, as: je me flatte, I flatter myself. In this last form they are called reflective. 251.-These verbs are conjugated in their simple tenses, according to their respective conjugations; and in their compound tenses they are conjugated with être. 252.-They have two pronouns in the tenses of the indicative, conditional, and subjunctive; and one in the imperative and infinitive. 253. The pronouns used in the 1st person singular are je me. 254.—Me, te, se, become m', t, s', before a vowel or h mute. Toi and not te is used in the imperative. 255.-Their past participle must be altered according to the gender and number of the second pronoun when that pronoun is the complement direct of the verb, as:-Mes sœurs se sont flattées, my sisters have flattered themselves; Ma sœur s'était flattée, my sister had flattered herself. 256.-There are two classes of reflective verbs:-1st, those which can never be found conjugated without two pronouns of the same person; we will call them absolutely reflective. 2ndly, those which are generally used with one pronoun, as:-Je flatte, but which sometimes adopt the reflective form and have two pronouns, as:-Je me flatte. We will call them occasionally reflective. 257. The following are the only verbs absolutely reflective: S'en retourner S'escrimer S'estomaquer S'évader S'évanouir S'évaporer S'évertuer S'extasier Se gargariser S'immiscer S'industrier Se mécompter |