7. Ces pommes sont délicieuses, prenez en quelques unes avec vous. 8. Je connais cet homme, de vous y fiez pas. 9. Cette maison est-elle à vous ? non, elle est à un de mes oncles. 10. C'est à vous que je parle. 11. Le plus beau don que le ciel nous ait fait après la sagesse, c'est l'amitié. 12. Il est glorieux de se vaincre soi-même. 13. C'est moi qui ai parlé. 14. Ce furent les Phéniciens qui inventèrent l'écriture. 15. Ouvrir son âme à l'ambition, c'est la fermer au repos. 16. On n'est plus maître du secret que l'on confie. 17. Quand on est négligente comme vous, mademoiselle, on ne doit pas faire la leçon aux autres. 18. Aujourdhui on est amis et demain on sera rivaux. EXERCISE XCIV. A thing good in itself is not always approved of. (A man) who chose (f) approuvé * celui loves nobody but himself is not fit for society. We must * (n') accom propre à 20 (f) on dev—(3d) modate ourselves to the humour of others as much as we can (so). Are 20 (f) you prisoners? Yes, we are (so). Are you the prisoners they brought prisonnier voici amen-(1st) from Germany? Yes, we are (they). (Here are) some grapes, Allemagne (will you have) any? This umbrella is mine, and this stick is yours. désirez-vous parapluie (m) An uncle of his is dead. It is difficult to become bâton (m) learned without deven-(2d) savant ce qui souten-(2d) studying much. (It is) very true, it is impossible. What supports bien man in the midst of trials is hope. He is a au milieu épreuve espérance real genius. Who véritable génie are these gentlemen? They are friends of ours. We admire talents, we praise beauty, we honour admir-(1st) virtue, but we love kindness. lou-(1st) 20 (1) honor-(1st) bonté (f) If one wishes to be loved, one must be amiable. (You must know), voul-(3d) il faut Miss, that one may be pretty and pouv-(3d) joli SYNTAX OF VERBS. AGREEMENT OF VERBS WITH THE SUBJECT. 289. The verb must agree in number and person with the subject to which it relates, whether expressed or understood; as Si vous le voyez, faites-lui bien des compliments de ma part. 290. When a verb has two subjects in the singular number, it must be placed in the plural; as— Mon frère et ma sœur jouent dans le jardin. 291. If a verb have two or more subjects of different persons, it agrees with the first in preference to the other two, and with the second in preference to the third; in which case the collective pronoun nous or vous is generally placed before the verb; as Vous et moi nous lisons. Vous et votre frère vous lisez. GOVERNMENT OR OBJECT OF VERBS. 292. A verb may have two objects, the one direct, the other indirect; as J'ai donné un livre à mon fils. 293. It is important to observe that many English verbs may require a direct object, whilst the corresponding verb in French will require an indirect object, and vice versa. The prepositions generally used in these cases are à or de; as— Have you answered his letter? He enjoys good health. We are waiting for you. Avez-vous répondu à sa lettre? 294. Observe.—The passive form being considered as rather heavy in French, it may be turned into the active form by causing the object to become the subject of the verb, and vice versa; as He is loved by his relations, and Ses parents l'aiment et ses connaisesteemed by his acquaintances. sances l'estiment. 295. The passive form is also elegantly rendered by the reflective, in speaking of things (see 175, p. 89). EXERCISE XCV. Translate, read, and parse 1. La foudre gronde, les éclairs sillonnent le ciel, et les hommes frémissent, comme dans l'attente d'une grande catastrophe. 2. La gloire et la prospérité des méchants durent peu. 3. Vous et moi pensons différemment sur une foule de choses. 4. Il faut que toi et ton compagnon vous fassiez le même serment. 5. Rendez à César ce qui appartient à César. 6. Il y a dans le salon une personne qui vous demande. 7. Ne médisons de personne. 8. On les fit prisonniers. Ce qui se conçoit bien s'énonce clairement, Life is the road EXERCISE XCVI. to death. We exist chemin (m) de mort (f) without knowing exist-(1st) (inf. pr.) how, we think without knowing why. Neither absence nor time pens-(1st) can efface the memory ni of a service. Enthusiasm or the effac-(1st) souvenir(m) bienfait(m) enthousiasme(m) hatred of fools are the two enemies of men of genius. Your father and haine (f) sot ennemi génie. I are old friends. Neither you nor he are right. You, your brother and ni I shall go together. What dictionary do you use? Dost thou remember 20 (m) te souvient-il those happy days of yore? It has been resolved to send troops to Madagascar. This exercise may be done in half an hour. troupe PROPER USE OF TENSES. THE IMPERFECT TENSE (INDICATIVE MOOD). 296. The Imperfect (as shown by the word itself imperfectum, not perfect), is used to denote an action not concluded or going on at the time spoken of, a habit or a state; as— He was ill last time I saw him. Il était malade la dernière fois que je l'ai vu. When I was in Paris I often went Lorsque j'étais à Paris, j'allais to the Bois de Boulogne. Alexander the Great was ambitious. souvent au Bois de Boulogne. Alexandre le Grand était am bitieux. PRETERITE DEFINITE. 297. The preterite definite is used to express a particular fact which took place in a period of time specified, and quite 298. The past indefinite is used to express a thing as having taken place at a period of time not specified, or not entirely past, as this year, this month, this morning, etc.; as— He has travelled much. Il a beaucoup voyagé. FUTURE. 299. The future expresses an action to be done at a time yet to come; as I shall go and see you next week. J'irai vous voir la semaine prochaine. 300. Observe.-In English the present tense is often used for the future after the conjunction when, as soon as, after, as; this, however, is not done in French, and the future must be used; as Come whenever you please. I shall go out as soon as I have done with this. Venez quand il vous plaira. Je sortirai dès que j'aurai fini ceci. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 301. The subjunctive is used after a word implying doubt, wish, regret, fear, or any affection of the mind except belief, hope, etc.; as I doubt whether he will come. I am glad you are here. I think he is at home. Je doute qu'il vienne. Je suis fâché qu'il soit parti. Je suis bien aise que vous soyez ici. 302. The subjunctive is required after all verbs used nega tively or interrogatively; as I do not think he is at home. 303. The subjunctive is Je ne crois pas qu'il soit chez lui. generally used after pronouns and conjunctions followed by que, such as qui que, quel que, si... que, afin que, de peur que, etc.; as— However rich he may be. Quelque riche qu'il soit. Let us go home before it rains. Rentrons chez nous avant qu'il pleuve. INFINITIVE. 304. In French every preposition governs the infinitive, except en, which governs the present participle; as— Of speaking; without studying; for | De parler; sans étudier; pour aplearning; in writing. prendre; en écrivant. PARTICIPLE. 305. The present participle is invariable, and must not be confounded with the verbal adjectives, which latter agree in gender and number with their subject; as— PRESENT PARTICIPLE. Une mère aimant ses enfants. Des enfants obéissant à leurs parents. VERBAL ADJECTIVE. Une fille aimante. Voilà des enfants bien obéissants. 306. The past participle agrees with its subject when alone, or used with the verb être ; as— Un homme instruit. Une femme instruite. Des enfants instruits. Le théme est fini. La version est finie. Les jeux sont finis. 307. The past participle used with avoir agrees with its object when this object precedes it; as— La lettre que j'ai reçue. | Les livres que vous m'avez prêtés. 308. But it does not agree when the object comes after it; as |