RECAPITULATORY EXERCISES ON THE PROPER USE OF THE TENSES OF VERBS. EXERCISE XCVII. Translate, read, and parse— 10. Saisissez l'occasion 1. La confiance et l'amitié naissent dans les cœurs qui se ressemblent par la bonté. 2. Nous partons demain pour la Suisse. 3. Le roi Louis IX. rendait la justice sous un chêne. 4. Le jour commençait à baisser lorsque nous nous embarquâmes. 5. Le Portugal et la Hollande tinrent longtemps le sceptre des mers. 6. La parfaite construction des pyramides les a protégées contre les siècles. 7. Dans deux mois d'ici j'atteindrai ma vingtième année. 8. Il vaudra mieux que vous restiez avec nous. 9. Il est nécessaire que la justice ait son cours. de peur qu'elle ne vous échappe. 11. Travailler est un devoir. 12. Ils marchaient à la mort chantant des hymnes. 13. Les montagnes mettent notre vallée à l'abri des vents brulants du midi. 14. Nous hasardons de perdre en voulant trop gagner. 15. Une nouvelle injure fait revivre celles qu'on avait oubliées. 16. Combien de lettres avez-vous reçues? J'ai reçu deux lettres et un journal. 17. Le plaisir du succès est toujours proportionné à la peine qu'il a fallu pour réussir. I think, EXERCISE XCVIII. therefore I exist. pens-(1st) donc exist-(1st) When we were in England we passed the winter in town, and in spring we returned retourn―(1st) to the country. Many distinguished men sought his friendship and honoured distingué recherch-(1st) honor-(1st) him with their confidence. Peter the Great built St. Petersburg de bât-(2d) Saint Petersbourg in a wild and barren country. A fresh and favourable wind hastened sauvage aride pays (m) confiance (f) Pierre favorable hât-(1st) ourselves in the middle of the à milieu magnificent bay of Naples. What did you learn this morning? I learned superbe baie some scenes of Racine's tragedies. Ignorance will never prevail (f) préval (3d) against science, nor slavery against liberty. When you are older you −(f) esclavage 20 (f) âgé will understand better the advantages of instruction. Do you think he -(f) will come to-night. ennobles ennobl-(2d) ce soir It may be you are mistaken. se tromp (1st) Knowledge man, whatever may be his birth. Brutus saw his two sons expiring by his order. The Surrounded on all sides, the which we have visited? visit-(1st) origine(f) loadstone has surprising effects. aimant (m) surprenant effet (m) Russians thought themselves lost, Russe croi- (4th) Do you recollect all the places se rappel (1st) de lieu (m) Yes. I have written their names in my pocket-book. porte-feuille. SYNTAX OF THE ADVERB. PLACE OF ADVERBS. No. 216, p. 147. NON and NE. 309. Non is used without a verb; ne is used before a verb, and completed by pas, point, etc., which comes after it; as— Avez-vous vu mon frère? Non, je ne l'ai pas vu. PAS and POINT. 310. Point is more exclusive than pas. The former denies absolutely, and means not at all; the latter is less positive. Point may be said of something permanent and habitual; pas of something accidental; as He does not work at all. He is not working (now). 311. Pas and point are pouvoir, cesser, Il ne travaille point. Il ne travaille pas. omitted with the verbs oser, and savoir in the sense of pouvoir; as I dare not tell him. I could not consent to it. 312. Ne is used after the Je n'ose le lui dire. Je ne saurais y consentir. conjunctions à moins que, de crainte que; and also after verbs expressing fear, such as craindre, avoir peur, etc.; as— Unless you come. I fear he has gone out. A moins que vous ne veniez. 313. Pas and point are used without ne in a reply to a question; as How are you? not very well. | Comment allez-vouz? pas très-bien. PLUS and DAVANTAGE. 314. Plus is used with de or que; davantage is used alone, and at the end of a sentence; as 1. Le temps écoulé ne revient point. 2. Sans l'estime il n'est pas de solide amitié. 3. Nul n'est prophète en son pays. 4. J'en suis enfin arrivé à bout, mais non sans difficulté. 5. Avez-vous été en Ecosse? non, jamais. 6. Là où il n'y a pas de semence il n'y aura point de récolte. 7. Ne jetez pas les perles devant les pourceaux de peur qu'ils ne les foulent aux pieds. 8. Il ne s'en fallut guère que le même boulet ne tuât le cheval et le cavalier. 9. Vous écrivez le Français mieux que vous ne le parlez. 10. Avez-vous fini votre thème ? non, pas encore. 11. Cette tour a plus de deux cent pieds de hauteur. 12. Une guinée vaut un schelling de plus qu'une livre sterling. 13. La vanité est dangereuse; la paresse l'est encore davantage. EXERCISE C. Charles does not work as I should like. Alfred does not travaill―(1st) comme je voudrais work at all. Has the postman come yet? come. facteur No; but he will soon Do not say a word about this. You cannot imagine mot (m) de souffr-(2d) s'imagin―(1st) I could not express to you all my grati shall take care prend-(4th) garde exprim-(1st) reconnais I fear lest the opportunity may escape from us. l'occasion * I shall not go out Nothing is more odious than a false friend. These grapes are excellent; you. remerci-(1st) will you have any more? No; not any more (I) thank SYNTAX OF THE PREPOSITION. 315. Prepositions in French always precede the words which they govern (vide 234, p. 153). 316. The English prepositions on, in, by, before a present participle, are translated in French by en; as On hearing of that. In walking. By studying. En entendant cela. 317. To, followed by an infinitive, must be translated1st, by pour, when it means in order to; as They did it to frighten you. Ils l'ont fait pour vous effrayer. 2d, by de, when it can be changed into of or from; as― Ayez la bonté de lui dire. Have the kindness to tell him. 3d, By à, when the infinitive active may be changed into the infinitive passive; as, This house is to sell. I Cette maison est à vendre. 322. To is translated by à before a name of town, and en before a name of country; as, I am going to Marseilles. He is going to Spain. Je vais à Marseille. 323. For is translated-1st, by depuis, when denoting a point of time; as, I have not seen him for a year. Je ne l'ai pas vu depuis un an. 2d, By pendant, when it marks the duration of a period of time; as, I travelled for three months. J'ai voyagé pendant trois mois. 3d, By pour, when it denotes the end; as, We are working for an examination. | Nous travaillons pour un examen. 324. In is translated-1st, by à before names of towns, and common nouns preceded by verbs of residence; as, He lives in Paris, in the country. | Il demeure à Paris, à la campagne. 2d, By en, before names of countries, provinces, persons, personal pronouns, and for expressing a length of time; as, They live in Ireland. Ils demeurent en Irlande. Il a confiance en vous. He has confidence in you. One can go to America in ten days. On peut aller en Amérique en dix jours. 225. At, at the house of, are translated in French by chez (which corresponds to the Latin apud), and must be followed by a personal pronoun or a noun; At my house; at their houses. He lives at his uncle's. thus, Chez moi; chez eux. Il demeure chez son oncle. 326. From, meaning from the house of, must be translated by de chez; as, I come from my friend's. I Je viens de chez mon ami. 327.-Note.-Chez, united to a pronoun by a hyphen, forms a compound substantive; as, un chez-soi, a home, a house of one's own. 328. The English prepositions on and in, used before a date, a day of the week, etc., are not to be expressed in French; as, 329. Frepositions must be repeated in French before every substantive, unless there exists an intimate connexion between each other; as, |