1 We give in these vocabularies the most important verbs, and only those which differ in their roots from the English corresponding verbs, the others being easy to learn and to understand.

OBSERVATIONS ON SOME VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION ENDING IN cer, ger, eler, eter, yer, etc.

136. Note. Many verbs of the first conjugation, although regular, present peculiarities in the orthography of some of their tenses.

137. Verbs ending in cer take a cedilla under the c before a, o, u, thus preserving the soft sound; as, placer, il plaça,

avancer, nous avançons.

138. Verbs ending in ger take an e mute after the 9 before a and o, thus again preserving the soft sound; as, manger, nous mangeons; arranger, il arrangeait.

139. Verbs ending in eler and eter generally double the and t when followed by e mute; as, appeler, j'appelle; jeter, il jettera. Except geler and derivatives, acheter, peler, bourreler, déceler, harceler, étiqueter, coqueter, colleter, décolleter; and the verbs where the e preceding the 7 or t have an acute accent, as recéler, empiéter; all of which take a grave accent over the e before 7 or t, when followed by a mute syllable; as, j'achète, il gèle, ils empiètent.

140. When the last syllable of the infinitive of a verb in

er is preceded by e mute or é, that letter is changed into è, with grave accent before a mute syllable; as, céder, je cède ; protéger, je protège.

141. Verbs ending in yer change y into i before an e mute; as, payer, je paie, je paierai.

Note.-Aller and envoyer are given among the irregular verbs.

RECAPITULATORY EXERCISES ON THE VERBS OF THE

FIRST CONJUGATION.

EXERCISE XLIV.

Observe. In these exercises we give only the root of verbs; the pupil will find the terminations.

To shut the door. To have praised the pupil.

ferm- porte (f).

élève.

Having forgiven pardonn

his

lou(to) his enemy. You walk too fast. He confessed march- trop. avou (pret. def.)

error.

ennemi.
She was singing. He will give you his advice. He would

avis (m).

erreur (f).
relate us a story. Lend me your pencil. Let us thank

prêt

remerci

heaven.

ciel (m). That I may speak fluently. That thou mightest have jumped out of

couramment.

saut

the window. He was sucking a sugar-cane. They were eating suc- canne-à-sucre (f).

mangeThe

strawberries. We travel in summer. That child stammers.

voyag- en

fraises (f). bégay-. La servant is sweeping the staircase. I shall buy a dictionary. He servante balay (pl.) escaliers.

achet

is throwing stones. Throw that paper into the fire. jet-pierre (m).

EXERCISE XLV.

au feu.

Translate, read, and parse—

1. La religion nous commande de pardonner à nos ennemis, pour que Dieu nous pardonne. 2. Les hommes ayant oublié le Créateur adorèrent de fausses divinités. 3. Celui qui cherche la gloire doit affronter les difficultés et les dangers. 4. Le sage préfère la science à la richesse. 5. Les Chinois se servent en mangeant de deux petits bâtons d'ivoiré ou d'ébène, qu'ils manient avec beaucoup de dextérité. 6. Caligula exigeait des Romains qu'ils lui accordassent les mêmes honneurs qu'à un dieu. 7. L'Évangile renferme ce beau précepte: aime ton prochain comme toimême. 8. Les ingrats mériteraient que le soleil ne les éclairât pas. 9. Les historiens regardent Charlemagne comme un des plus grands princes qui aient jamais régné.

QUESTIONNAIRE.

1. Que nous commande la religion? 2. Que firent les hommes après avoir oublié le Créateur? 3. Que doit affronter celui qui cherche la re? 4. Qui préfère la science à la richesse? 5. De quoi se