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172. The reflective or pronominal verbs are those conjugated with two pronouns of the same person, the first of which is the subject, and the second the object. The pro

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173. In their compound tenses, reflective verbs take the auxiliary être, to be, whereas in English they take to have, and their participle must agree with the nominative or subject of the verb, if it be direct;

Je me suis coupé,

Elle s'est coupée, •

Les enfants se sont levés,

as,

I (m) have cut myself.

She has cut herself.

The children have got up.

174. Obs. Many verbs are reflective in French, though not in English; such as, se lever, to get up; se promener, to walk.

175. The reflective form is often used by the French where the English use the passive; thus instead of saying la France est divisée en 89 départements, they would say, la France se divise, etc.

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Se promener, to walk, to take S'être promené, to have

a walk.1

walked.

1 Literally, to promenade one's-self.

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REFLECTIVE VERB CONJUGATED NEGATIVELY.

Simple Tenses.

Compound Tenses.

INFINITIVE.

PRESENT.

Ne pas se lever,{

PAST.

not to get up Ne s'être pas levé, not to have not to rise.

risen.

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I will or shall not get up, etc. Iwill or shall not have got up, etc.

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That I may not get up, etc. That I may not have got up, etc. Que je ne me lève pas.

IMPERFECT.

Que je ne me sois pas levé.

PLUPERFECT.

That I might not get up, etc. That I might not have got up, etc.

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