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'qui' = 'ce qui'; 'tient' = ‘retient'; 'que...

Latin quin. 69. 29. pièces; probably the dishes.

ne:

FOURTH SCENE.
70. 5. en humeur, ‘I was in the mood.'
6. je ne m'étais senti .. 'I had never felt so witty'

lit. 'never felt myself with so much wit.' 'Me'is
possessive dative.

FIFTH SCENE.
12. que v. n'étiez, 'when you were not.'Que' = quum.

Cp. Av. III. v.-'Comment voudriez-vous qu'ils traî-
nassent un carrosse, qu'ils ne peuvent pas se traîner

eux-mêmes.'
20. feu monsieur mon père ? 'the late gentleman-my

father ?' M. Jourdain is surprised at the addition
Monsieur.' It is worth noticing that the distinction
between “feu la reine' and 'la feue reine’ is quite
modern, and was first recognised by the Academy in
1762. The derivation of the word is very uncertain.
It has been derived from fuit, felix! (Ménage) functus

(i.e. vitâ), and falutus (from fulum).
21. honnête gentilhomme, 'a very worthy gentleman.'
71. 3. pour = en qualité de'—'as,' 'in the character of.'

10. marchand, 'a tradesman' in the general sense.
13. officieux, ‘kind,' not officious.' This passage has

become, as it were, a “household word.'
23. Depuis avoir connu-a rare construction.
72. 11. Le fils du Grand-Turc v. gendre. Notice the repeti-

tion of the previous words, while changing their order.
This sort of dialogue en écho'was fashionable at the
time. Cp. the opening scene of the Fourberies de

Scapin.
12. fus, 'I went.' This use of fus' = 'je suis allé,' followed

by an infinitive, is an idiomatic and colloquial phrase.
Without an infinitive the past tenses of 'être' are
used for the past tenses of 'aller,' with the idea that
a person has been to a place and returned.

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6

72. 12. que-used to avoid repeating comme. Notice that

when employed in this way with ‘si,' it is followed

by the subjunctive. 14. Acciam, etc. Most of these words are quite unmean

ing, though a few seem to present some resemblance to real Arab or Turkish words, e.g. ‘Acciam,' perhaps = actchem = my money ; Alla = god ; Moustapha, a proper name; guidélum

let us depart.

Most of this Turkish is borrowed from a play by Rotrou, La

Sour (1645). 31. Savez-vous bien, 'Do you happen to know?' For

this force of 'bien,' see note on 5, 23. 34. Ma chère âme, 'sweetheart.' 73. 7. mamamouchi. This word, coined by Molière, has

remained in the language as equivalent to 'Turc de

Carnaval.' 12. Paladin. A name originally given to the lords who

followed Charlemagne. They were so called because they dwelt in his palace (Palatium-Palatinus). In its extended meaning the word = a knight errantany chivalrous and somewhat Quixotic person. The knights of Arthur's Round Table would be called his 'Paladins. The word “Palatin' is originally the same word, derived from the comites Palatii of the Lower Empire. The dignity conferred certain judicial privileges on its holder. Covielle's explanation is something like that of Bardolph, elucidating the word accommodated.' * Accommodated ; that is, when a man is, as they say, accommodated : or when a man is, -being, --whereby,—he may be thought to be accommodated, which is an excellent thing'-(K. Henry

IV., III. ii.) 14. v. irez de pair, 'you will rank with.' 26. Tout ce qui ... 'the only thing . . .' 27. s'est allé mettre. Notice the irregularity in the

agreement of the participle. The phrase really equivalent to 'est allée se mettre . .,' but has been assimilated to such an expression as 'elle s'est laissé mettre dans la tête . though the constructions

are not really analogous. 31. il se rencontre ici, “There is a wonderful coincidence

6

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73. 33. à peu de chose près

près, 'very nearly.' Cp. à beaucoup près.'

près' must be taken as equivalent to wanting,' 'failing. Then à peu près = peu s'en faut' (parum abest). When

a thing wants little of another, it is naturally near it. 74. 1. Salamalequi. Cp. the Arab Salam aléïqui,' a form

of greeting. The French word ‘salamalec? (cp. English salaam ')

= a low bow. 4. soit. Independent subjunctive expressing a wish. 5. obligeantes, 'polite.' 16. Bel-men. Cp. Turkish ‘bilmen' I do not know. 17. Il dit que v. alliez, 'He says you must go.' Subj.

with dire,' implying a command. 20. Tant de choses en deux mots ? This well-known

passage is borrowed from Rotrou's play, La Sour,

Act III. sc. iv.-
• Ergaste (à Horace). Siati cacus nain con catalai mulai.
Horace. Vare hece.
Ergaste.

Vous devinez,
Il dit qu'ils sont entrés dans une hôtellerie,
Où trinquant à l'honneur de leur chère patrie,
Et d'un peu de bon temps régalant leurs esprits,
Son père en a tant pris qu'il s'en est trouvé pris ;
Qu'il n'en a pu sortir sans une peine extrême

Et ne pensait porter ni son vin, ni soi-même.
Anselme. T'en a-t-il pu tant dire en si peu de propos ?
Ergaste. Oui, le langage Turc dit beaucoup en deux mots.'

75.

EIGHTH SCENE. 1. de n. vouloir aider, “to be good enough to help us. 4. ajusté, 'rigged out,''got up,' = fagoté, bâti, etc. 9. Je v. le donnerais . . .,'I'll give you many a try to

guess . . .'. This is the full expression. The 'le' is neuter, and not really necessary in the sentence. So in 27,19, je le donne en six coups . ..' is equivalent

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to ‘je (le) donne en six coups aux tailleurs les plus

éclairés à inventer un habit...' 75. 11. pour porter son esprit, to induce him.'

16. la bête. You know the creature,' i.e. M. Jourdain. 20. histoire, 'the business,' 'the affair.' Cp. 33, 29.

TENTH SCENE. 16. à la turque, i.e. à la mode turque. 17. Se ti sabir, etc. These couplets are in lingua franca,'

a dialect made up of a mixture of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, in which the verbs are generally used in the infinitive. The following is a literal transcript into French :-'Si toi savoir-Toi répondre -Sinon savoir-Te taire, te taire-Moi, être muphti -Toi, qui être, toi ?—Pas entendre ?—Te taire, te taire.'

ELEVENTH SCENE.
25. Dice ...

Dis Turc, qui être celui-là ?
Anabatista. The Anabaptists, a Protestant sect op-

posed to infant baptism, and requiring adults to be

baptized again, first appeared about 1520. 77. 1. Ioc = Turkish 'yoc.' 'No.' 2. Zuinglista. Ulrich Zwingli, the celebrated Swiss Re

former, was born 1st January 1484; died in battle

1531. 4. Cofita. Probably refers to the Copts, Egyptian Christ

ians, belonging generally to the Jacobite sect. 6. Hussita. John Huss, the Bohemian Reformer and

disciple of Wiclef, born 1373, was burnt at Constance

6th July 1415. Morista, probably = 'Moor.' Fronista, probably applied to members of some con

templative sect. (Cp. Greek ppovtiotńs.)

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=

77. 14. Moffina and Zurina are probably fanciful words coined

by Molière. 17. Hi Valla (properly Ei Vallah) = ‘Yes, by God.' 18. Como chamara "Comment s'appelle-t-il ?' 22. Mahameta Mahomet, pour Jourdain-Moi prier

soir et matin—Vouloir faire un paladin-De Jourdain, de Jourdain-Donner turban et donner cimeterreAvec galère et brigantine-Pour défendre la Palestine

- Mahomet, pour Jourdain—Moi prier soir et matin

-Être bon Turc, Jourdain ?' 78. 1. Ha la ba, ba la chou ... As they stand these

syllables mean nothing, but 'Alla baba hou' would, it seems, mean ‘God our Father.'

THIRTEENTH SCENE. 5. bougies. The full phrase would be 'chandelles de

bougie.' Bougie is a town in Algeria, from which it

seems their use was imported. 7. l'Alcoran, the 'Koran' or Mohammedan Bible. The

expression is pleonastic, 'al' being the Arabic article. 12. pupitre, 'reading desk.' Derived from 'pulpitulum,'

dim. of pulpitum (English, “pulpit'). Čp. chapitre,

from capitulum. 79. 1. Ti non star furba ? etc. Toi pas être fourbe ?-Non,

non, non- - Pas être imposteur ?-Non, non, non

Donner turban.' 11. Ti star nobile, etc. • Toi être noble, pas être fable

Prendre sabre.' 80. 1. Dara ... 'On donnera, on donnera-Bastonnade.' 5. Non tener ... 'N'avoir pas honte-Être le dernier

affront.'

81.

ACT V.-FIRST SCENE. 2. Est-ce un momon ... Are you going masquerading?'

There has been much discussion as to the exact custom referred to here. It seems that a masked party proceeded to a house, and there, without speaking, played at dice for some stake. They were said to 'porter le

a