Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency RadiationSpringer Science & Business Media, 31 mai 1987 - 675 pages The study of electromagnetic bioeffects is multidisciplinary; it draws heavily from the disciplines of physics, engineering, mathematics, biol ogy, chemistry, medicine, and environmental health. This book is about these disciplines and how they mutually integrate in the study of electromagnetic pathophysiology. Over aperiod of years, the authors have become increasingly aware of the difficulty in locating information concerning interaction of electro magnetic energy and biological tissues. There are numerous reports and publications, but no single comprehensive source in the American literature where such information is readily accessible. Regrettably, much of the importantinformation is contained in government documents and reports, some of which are inaccessible, or spread through many diverse journals, making retrieval and analysis of the material difficult. Although this book is primarily clinically oriented, it also focuses on those biophysical, biochemical, and fundamental molecular studies and findings that provide the basis for understanding the presence or absence of pathophysiological manifestations of exposure to radiofrequency, including microwave, energies. Detailed discussion and analysis of the relevant comprehensive physics, engineering, and biophysics are con tained in Chapters 2-5. Because the treatment is multidisciplinary, wherever possible analy sis is begun with basic background information that may appear elementary to some readers but is essential to understanding for those from a different discipline. Most confusion and controversies that exist in the field today arise from individuals of one discipline not appreciating basic facts or theories from another. |
Table des matières
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE | 1 |
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION OF RADIO AND MICROWAVE RADIATION | 11 |
211 Maxwells Equations | 12 |
212 Boundary Conditions | 14 |
213 Wave Equations | 16 |
215 Plane Waves | 17 |
216 Polarization of Plane Waves | 18 |
22 Propagation of Plane Waves | 19 |
911 Summary | 352 |
References | 354 |
NEURAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVERADIOFREQUENCY ENERGIES | 361 |
102 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Energy Nueral Tissue Interaction | 366 |
703 In Vitro Sudies | 370 |
104 Effects in Experimental Animals | 376 |
1041 Electroencephalographic Changes | 377 |
1042 Biochemical Changes | 379 |
222 Plane Waves in Lossy Media | 20 |
223 Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces | 23 |
224 Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves | 26 |
23 Waves in Enclosed Space | 28 |
232 Cavities | 32 |
233 Waveguide and Cavity Excitation | 35 |
24 Radiation of Electromagnetic Energy | 36 |
241 The Short Dipole | 37 |
242 Near Fields | 39 |
243 Receiving Characteristics | 43 |
References | 45 |
RADIO AND MICROWAVE DOSIMETRY AND MEASUREMENT | 47 |
32 Irradiation of Biological Systems | 48 |
322 TEM Chambers | 52 |
323 Microstrip Exposure Systems | 55 |
324 Waveguide Chambers | 56 |
325 Multimode Cavity | 62 |
326 Anechoic Chambers | 63 |
33 Field Measuring Methods | 66 |
332 Other Instruments | 73 |
34 Absorption Measuring Methods | 74 |
341 WholeBody Absorption | 75 |
342 Distribution of Absorbed Energy Probe Measurements | 79 |
343 Distribution of Absorbed Energy Thermographic Measurements | 84 |
References | 88 |
RADIO AND MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS | 93 |
42 Relaxation Mechanism | 95 |
421 LowLoss Dielectric Materials | 97 |
422 Lossy Dielectrics at Low Frequencies | 98 |
423 Biological Materials | 102 |
44 Methods of Permittivity Measurement | 103 |
441 Radiofrequency Techniques | 104 |
442 Microwave Techniques | 111 |
45 Permittivity of Water | 117 |
46 Dielectric Properties of Biological Materials | 120 |
47 Dielectric Properties of Tumor Tissue | 132 |
References | 134 |
PROPAGATION AND ABSORPTION IN TISSUE MEDIA | 137 |
51 Planar Tissue Geometries | 138 |
512 Multiple Layers of Tissue | 141 |
52 Bodies of Revolution | 146 |
522 Prolate Spheroidal Tissue Models | 160 |
53 Complex Tissue Models | 171 |
532 Models of the Human Body | 177 |
54 Scaled Dielectric Bodies | 195 |
541 Thermographic Measurements | 196 |
542 Probe Measurements | 202 |
55 Laboratory Animal Models | 204 |
552 Distribution of Absorbed Energy | 211 |
References | 218 |
CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL LITERATURE | 223 |
62 Analysis of Scientific | 225 |
63 The Nature of Caausality | 228 |
64 Scaling | 230 |
References | 238 |
MOLECULAR CELLULAR INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY | 241 |
72 Cell Membranes | 244 |
74 Effects on Microorganisms | 245 |
742 Mechanisms of Microbial Action | 250 |
75 Effects on Protozoa and Other Unicellular Organisms | 256 |
76 Chromosome Genetic Effects | 258 |
77 Hyperthermia and Cell Kinetics | 269 |
78 Effects on Invertebrates | 272 |
781 Genetic Effects | 273 |
Insect Control | 275 |
References | 277 |
REPRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH | 287 |
82 Embryonic Development | 294 |
References | 310 |
THERMOREGULATION | 317 |
92 Thermoregulation | 321 |
93 The Physiology of Thermoregulation | 327 |
94 Adaptation | 338 |
95 Thermal Stress | 339 |
96 Response to Absorption RF Energy | 342 |
97 Acute Lethality | 344 |
98 Response to Local Exposure to MWRF Energies | 348 |
99 Comparisons of Exposure to Microwaves and Infrared | 349 |
1043 Histopathology | 384 |
1044 Influence of Drugs | 387 |
105 Effects on the Blood Brain Barrier | 389 |
106 Observations in the Human | 395 |
707 The Soviet Approach to Biology and Medicine | 399 |
References | 402 |
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS | 413 |
NEUROENDOCRINE EFFECTS | 425 |
122 Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Effects | 430 |
124 HypothalamicHypophysialThyroidal Response | 434 |
125 Growth Hormone | 437 |
126 NeuroendocrineMetabolic Correlations | 438 |
727 Neuroendocrine Activity and Cardiovascular | 439 |
729 Conclusion | 441 |
References | 445 |
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS | 451 |
1312 WholeBody or Regional Exposure | 452 |
1313 Atherosclerosis | 458 |
1314 Pharmacodynamics | 459 |
132 Reported Observations in the Human | 460 |
133 Implanted Electronic Cardiac Pacemaker Interference | 472 |
1332 The Electronic Cardiac Pacemaker | 473 |
1334 Clinical Reports | 475 |
1335 Laboratory Tests | 478 |
1336 Control of Potential Hazards | 481 |
References | 484 |
EFFECTS ON HEMATOPOIESIS AND HEMATOLOGY | 489 |
142 Animal Experiments | 492 |
143 Reported Observations in the Human | 505 |
References | 508 |
EFFECTS ON IMMUNE RESPONSES | 513 |
BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS | 523 |
161 Enzyme Activity | 524 |
162 Metabolism | 527 |
1622 Protein Metabolism | 529 |
163 Histamine Release | 530 |
164 Clinical Chemistry Serum Proteins Electrolytes | 531 |
References | 534 |
THE COMMON INTEGUMENT SKIN | 539 |
172 Thermal Perception | 542 |
173 Pain Perception | 546 |
174 Biochemistry | 549 |
175 Pathology Burns | 550 |
References | 554 |
CATARACTS AND OTHER OCULAR EFFECTS | 559 |
1821 Definition of Cataract | 563 |
1822 Classification and Appearance | 565 |
1823 Age Factors | 566 |
1824 Mechanisms of Opacification | 568 |
1826 Etiology of Cataract | 570 |
183 Spectral Transmission of the Ocular Media | 574 |
184 Radiation Cataracts | 575 |
185 Effects of Microwave on the Ocular Lens | 579 |
1852 Biochemical Changes | 585 |
1853 Frequency Specificity | 586 |
1854 Modulation Effects | 587 |
186 Thermal Aspects of Microwave Cataractogenesis | 589 |
187 Concept of Threshold and Cumulative Effects | 592 |
188 Problems in Simulation Studies and Extrapolation to the Human | 595 |
References | 597 |
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND OTHER INVESTIGATIONS IN THE HUMAN | 603 |
191 Nervous System and Cardiovascular Effects | 609 |
192 Ocular Effects | 611 |
193 Fertility Sterility | 623 |
194 Growth and Development | 624 |
195 Cancer | 626 |
631 | |
PERSONNEL PROTECTION PROTECTION GUIDES AND STANDARDS | 637 |
204 Exposure Standards | 638 |
2041 Occupational Standard USA | 640 |
2043 American National Standards Institute ANSI | 642 |
2044 Standards in Various Countries | 644 |
2045 Criteria for Setting Tolerance Levels and Exposure Standards | 647 |
References | 656 |
PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 659 |
663 | |
Autres éditions - Tout afficher
Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation James C. Lin,Sol M. Michaelson Aucun aperçu disponible - 2014 |
Biological Effects and Health Implications of Radiofrequency Radiation James C. Lin,Sol M. Michaelson Aucun aperçu disponible - 2010 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
absorbed energy activity animals antenna average Baranski behavior Bioelectromagnetics Biological Effects blood body temperature brain cardiac cardiac pacemakers cataracts cells changes colonic temperature conductivity Czerski decrease diathermy dielectric constant dielectric properties distribution effects of microwave electric field electromagnetic fields electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic Waves equation experimental exposure to microwaves factors field strength frequency function Hazards heat human hyperthermia hypothalamus IEEE Trans incident increase induced intensity investigators lens levels lymphocytes M. L. Shore magnetic field measured membrane metabolic MHz CW mice microwave energy microwave exposure microwave irradiation Microwave Power microwave radiation Microwave Theory Tech muscle mW/cm² mW/g MW/RF normal observed occur opacities organism pacemaker permeability Physiol physiological plane wave polarization power density produced protein pulsed microwaves rabbits radar radiofrequency rats exposed reactions reported response Sadchikova Schwan sensitivity significant skin studies thermal thermoregulation threshold tissue W/kg waveguide wavelength whole-body Zabol
Références à ce livre
Tous les résultats Google Recherche de Livres »