the Great.

- glory of his kingdom; i. e. Judæa. See verses 16, 41, and viii. 9. — neither by anger nor by battle; i. e. he shall die an inglorious death, without the fame that follows those who die in angry contest with their enemies. Livy relates, Lib. XLI. cap. 19, that Seleucus was slain by the secret treachery of Heliodorus, one of his courtiers. See also Appian, Syr., cap. 45, § 65.

21. — a despised person, &c. ; i. e. Antiochus Epiphanes, i. e. the Illustrious, as he is usually called, or Epimanes, the Mad, as sometimes. He was despised for his low manners and habits. See Milman's Hist.

of the Jews, Vol. II. p. 35. they shall not give; i. e. the people. Antiochus was not heir to the kingdom, as he was the brother of Seleucus Philopator, who had a son. -flatteries; i. e. flatteries practised towards the Romans and the Syrians. See Liv. Lib. XLI. cap. 20. Concerning the character and reign of Antiochus Epiphanes, see 1 Macc. ch. i. &c.; Jos. Antiq. of the Jews, Book XII. ch. 5, &c.; Milman's History of the Jews, Vol. II. p. 34, &c.

22.-forces of a flood; i. e. armies, which overwhelm a country like a flood overflowing the banks of a river. —prince that is allied, &c.; i. e. Ptolemy Philometor, his nephew, the son of Cleopatra; called king of the South, verse 25.

24.

verse 23.

among them; i. e. his soldiers, the small people, mentioned in

25. — but he shall not stand; i. e. the king of the South, i. e. Egypt, viz. Ptolemy Philometor.

26. — shall destroy him; i. e. the king of the South.

i. e. the army of Antiochus.

Egypt like a flood.

- his army;

shall overflow; i. e. cover the land of

27. — for yet the end, &c. ; i. e. the end of these was deferred to the time appointed by God.

28. -the holy covenant; i. e. against the Jewish religion, and the people that professed it. See 1 Macc. i. 41, &c. And Tacitus, Hist. Lib. V. § 8, says: "Rex Antiochus, demere superstitionem et mores Græcorum dare adnisus, quo minus teterrimam gentem in melius mutaret, Parthorum bello prohibitus est."

30.— Chittoan: primarily, Cyprian, of the island Cyprus, but used to include the islands and coasts in the north part of the Mediterranean Sea. Here it probably denotes ships belonging to the Romans. See Gesen. ad verb.

31.—of the destroyer: otherwise, of horror. Comp. viii. 13, ix. 27, xi. 31, xii. 11.

35.

And some of them of understanding. The meaning seems to be, that even pious Jews shall undergo fiery trials, in order to purify them. See ver. 32, 33, and viii. 10. -time of the end. See note on ix. 26.

36. the king. The laws of interpretation according to which we interpret other books seem to require us to suppose Antiochus to be denoted by this king; for there is not the least notice of a change of the subject of discourse. Many interpreters, however, suppose the

Roman government to be denoted. "Now mark," says one of them, here the Spirit of God seems to slide into the Roman monarchy." See Poole's Annotations, ad loc.

37.-desire of women; i. e. probably, some god specially worshipped by the Syrian women, such as Astarte, Anaïtis.

38.-god of strongholds: probably Jupiter Capitolinus, for whom Antiochus began to build a temple in Antioch. Liv. XLI. 20.

40.-time of the end: when the calamities which precede the Messianic times shall come to an end. king of the South; i. e. of Egypt. See ver. 5, 6. —king of the North; i. e. the king of Syria, viz. Antiochus Epiphanes, at whom the king of the South pushed. The epithets North and South designate the kingdom, and of course different monarchs might be styled kings of the North or South. — shall rush against him; i. e. against the king of the South just mentioned. The confusion of pronouns in this verse and the next, which belongs to the original, I know not how to avoid in the translation without too much circumlocution. into the countries; i. e. of the king of the

South, i. e. Egypt.

45. ·between the sea. Some understand the river Nile, which is sometimes called a sea; others, the Mediterranean. See Ros. ad loc.

XII. 1. And at that time. Prof. Stuart's remark on this phrase seems to me perfectly just: "I follow the simple grammatical interpretation; and that can have but one meaning, i. e. that time means the same period mentioned in the preceding context, and this is the time at or near the close of the reign of Antiochus." The phrase at that time, however, does not necessarily denote a very short period. It may, according to circumstances, comprehend ten, fifteen, or twenty years.

2. And many of them that sleep, &c. As according to the New Tes tament the resurrection of the dead is universal, a difficult question occurs as to what the writer means by saying that many of the dead shall awake, &c. It is easy to override grammar and philology, and say that many means all, because, according to Christ, all shall be raised. But there is no Hebrew idiom which explains it. The English reader can judge as well as the best scholar. Nor is there any New Testament idiom which explains it. Reference has been made to Rom. v. 19, << as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners.” But in the Greek it is oi Tóλλot, the many, in express contradistinction from the one who sinned. In this case the many may mean all. But in the verse under consideration the Hebrew article is not used. word is □, many, not D, the many. According to philology, therefore, the author speaks of a partial resurrection, in which many of the Jews, under which term it is natural to suppose he includes those distinguished for their virtues or their patriotism, would rise from the dead to a blessed life, at the Messiah's coming, while some of distinguished wickedness, and traitors to their country's cause, would be raised to receive everlasting contempt. In this case a large middle

The

class would remain in their graves without resurrection. Why the writer should leave out this middle class, unless because he believed the Messiah's reign to be on earth, and that the land of Palestine would not hold all the deceased generations of the Jewish race, it is difficult to say. The Common Version of the text is absolutely correct. It is true that in the Apocalypse* there is mention of two resurrections; one, that of the righteous, before the millennial reign of Christ, and one, the resurrection of all the dead, after it. But in the passage under consideration, some of the wicked are said to be raised. I am obliged to leave the difficulty as I find it.

11.- of the destroyer: otherwise, of horror. - a thousand two hundred and ninety days: the same as the time, times, and half a time, or three years and a half, in verse 7.

12.

a thousand three hundred and thirty-five days. In our ignorance of the precise date of the book, and the exact state of things in which it was written, I make no conjecture as to the reason why the writer made choice of this particular number of days, after which a happy state of things would commence.

13. the end; i. e. of thy life.

to thy lot; i. e. in the resurrection. See ver. 2. -end of the days; i. e. the present period or age of the world, after which the Messianic times shall commence.

* Ch. xx. 4, 5, 12.

THE END.

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