Handbook of Natural Philosophy. Heat

Couverture
Crosby Lockwood and Company, 1877 - 450 pages
 

Table des matières

Table of expansions
54
Exceptions to the general law of expansion
60
Relation between the apparent and absolute expansion
63
Methods of determining the expansion of liquids
64
Determination of the absolute expansion of mercury
65
Regnaults determination
66
Results 68 Apparent expansion of mercury in glass vessels 69 Expansion of other liquids 70 The expansion of water 71 Experiments of Erman and H...
67
Other methods of determining the maximum density
68
Saline solutions 73 Importance of the phenomenon
69
Process of heating a liquid 75 Strata of different density in the same liquid 77 Experimental proof
71
Warming buildings by hot water
72
Oceanic currents
74
CHAPTER V
75
79
77
Dilatation of all gases uniform
81
GayLussacs method of determining expansion of gases
82
Rudbergs researches
83
Regnaults experiments
84
Expansion of gases at different pressures
85
Application of results
86
Increase of pressure due to increase of temperature
87
Practical applications of the expansion of gases
88
Warming buildings by heated
89
Ventilation of mines
90
Argand lamp
91
Experiments
92
Absolute temperature Absolute zero
95
CHAPTER VI
96
Definition of specific heat
97
Calorimetric methods
98
Regnaults tables of specific heat
104
Necessary precautions
110
555
113
Relation of specific heat to various phenomena
116
CHAPTER VII
123
Alloys
132
SECT
135
Table of freezing mixtures
138
Dutch tears
146
Experiments on the relation between pressure
158
Regnaults tables for steam and other vapours
166
Faradays method of liquefying gases
171
Experiments of Cagniard de la Tour Drion and Andrews
172
Dumas method
173
Ebullition
174
The boiling point depends on pressure
175
Experimental verification
176
Influence of altitude
177
Laws of ebullition
178
Expansion of vapours separated from liquid
179
Rudbergs
180
Babo and Wüllners experiments
181
Influence of vessel
182
Influence of dissolved
183
Experiments on the retardation of ebullition
184
Ebullition at high pressures
185
Chemical relations of boiling points
186
Latent heat of vapour
187
Latent heat at different pressures and temperatures
188
Experimental determination of latent heat of vapours
189
Watts and Southerns laws Regnaults results
190
Latent heat of other vapours
191
Latent heat of alcohol
192
Condensation of vapour
193
Distillation
194
Apparatus to distil volatile liquids
195
97
196
Decomposition by evaporation
197
Some effects of steam
198
The eolipyle
236
Freezing by evaporation
237
Applications of latent heat of steam
238
CHAPTER IX
239
Relative and absolute humidity
240
The dewpoint 205 Daniells hygrometer
241
Regnaults hygrometer
242
Psychrometers
245
Masons dry and wet bulb hygrometer
246
Formulæ of reduction Glaishers factors PAGE
248
Indications of hygrometers are essentially local
252
CHAPTER XI
263
Compensation of pendulums for temperature
266
Grahams mercurial compensating pendulum 225 The compensationbalance 226 The barometercorrection 227 Superficial and cubical expansion 228...
268
Influence of expansion on the specific gravity of bodies
289
Determination of the density of vapours
291
Problems on temperaturecorrections
293
Expansion of alloys
296
Correction for fixed points of thermometers 235 Calibration of a thermometer
301
The airthermometer
304
Comparison of mercury and airthermometer
306
Leslies thermometric hygrometer
307
240
312
241
316
The two specific heats of air
317
243
318
Mixtures of vapours and gases
324
245
325
Conduction
329
Table of conducting powers
331
Variations of conductivity in the same body
333
Conductivity of wood
334
Conductivity of organic substances
336
Rumfords experiments
337
Influence of mechanical state on conductivity
338
Comparison of the conducting power of two rods
340
Absolute conductivity
342
Conductivity of liquids Convection
343
Conducting power of water
344
Conductivity of gases
347
Causes which influence the conductivity
350
Examples ib 262 Numerical expression for conductivity
354
Most recent experiments on conductivity in gases
355
Summary of the results of experiments
356
CHAPTER XIII
357
Instruments for the study of radiant heat
359
SECT PAGE 267 Thermal analysis of solar light
360
Refrangibility dependent on the nature of medium
361
Radiation of invisible rays
362
Reflection of heat
363
Absorption
365
Thermal equilibrium
367
Transmission of heat
368
Results of Mellonis experiments
369
Diathermancy
371
Polarisation of heat
372
Formation of dew
375
Artificial ice
376
Recent experiments and theories
377
Analogies between light and radiant heat
378
Law of diminution with the distance
380
Differences in emissive power
381
Relation between radiation and absorption 383
383
Elective absorption
384
Diathermancy of liquids
386
Influence of thickness
387
Quality of heat
389
291
390
Action of vapours
392
293
393
Absorption of aqueous vapour
394
Summary of phenomena
395
297
397
Absorption
398
General results
399
CHAPTER XIV
400
301
401
Radiation
402
Hirns experiment
404
304
405
Further consequences and theoretical considerations
406
306
411
307
412
312
417
Flame
419
Temperature necessary for combustion
431
Chemical action accounts for total heat
440
Different meaning of the term heat
13
The graduation of the thermometer
19
Precautions in the construction of a thermometer
25

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