The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913A balanced and original picture of Ottoman rule and the Albanians during a critical period of Balkan and Middle East history. The Crescent and the Eagle examines the awakening of Albanian national identity from the end of the 19th century to the outbreak of the First World War - a period of intense nationalism in the Balkans - from an Ottoman perspective. Drawing on Ottoman and European archival and other primary source material, Gawrych contradicts and undermines the usual negative stereotypes of Ottoman rule. Instead he provides a critical but objective examination of the evolution of government policies toward Albanians, from attempts to mold them into an "iron barrier" to establishing a uniform system of administration. The author also analyzes the general problems of endemic violence and misadministration at the provincial level, and examines Albanian efforts to gain nationality rights and maintain local privileges and tribal autonomy. A stimulating study which offers many fresh insights into the dynamics of power within the Ottoman Empire. |
Avis des internautes - Rédiger un commentaire
Aucun commentaire n'a été trouvé aux emplacements habituels.
Table des matières
| 38 | |
| 72 | |
Hamidian Rule in Albania | 106 |
The Revolution | 140 |
Road to Independence | 170 |
Conclusion | 203 |
Bibliography | 243 |
Expressions et termes fréquents
Abdul Abdulhamid Ahmed Cevdet Albanian language Albanian National Awakening alphabet Arabic areas Arnavud Arnavutlar Arnavutluk autonomy Balkans Bektasi Besa Besa yahud Ahde Bulgarians Christian Committee Constitution Debre Dervis Hima Despite Elbasan empire's Ergiri ethnic European fellow Albanians Firzovik foreign Frasheri Gegalik Gegs Gorice government officials grand vezir Greek Gusinye Hamidian Haziran Ibid Ipek Isa Boletin Iskodra Islam Ismail Kemal Istanbul July Revolution Kamus al-A'lam kavim kaza Kosova Kosovar Albanians League of Prizren Macedonia Mahmud Sevket major Malisors Manastir Merdita military millet Montenegro motherland Muslim Muslim Albanians nationalist Niyazi number of Albanian Orthodox Osmanli Ottoman Army Ottoman Empire Ottoman government Ottoman officials Pasa Pashko Vasa political population province reforms region religious Revolution Rumeli sancak schools Semseddin Sami Serbia Serbs Skendi sultan Tanin Tanzimat Temmuz Tosk Tosk Albanians Toskalik town tribal tribes troops Turkish Unionist Societies Uskiip vatan vilayet Vlachs yahud Ahde Vefa Yanya Yenipazar
Fréquemment cités
Page 154 - At Serres the president of the Bulgarian Committee embraced the Greek Archbishop ; at Drama the revolutionary officers imprisoned a Turk for insulting a Christian ; in an Armenian cemetery a procession of Turks and Armenians listened to prayers, offered up by their respective priests, for the victims of the Armenian massacres ; at Samsun the Turks saluted the beard of a Greek prelate ; at Tripoli Turks and Arabs joined in thanksgiving services. The Bulgarian bands surrendered, and the brigand Sandanski...
Page 218 - Durham, Some Tribal Origins, Laws, and Customs of the Balkans (London, 1928), pp.
Page 70 - Albanians, you are killing your brothers, Into a hundred factions you are divided, Some say 'I believe in God,' others 'I in Allah,' Some say 'I am Turk,' others 'I am Latin,' Some 'I am Greek,' others 'I am Slav,' But you are brothers, all of you, my hapless people!
Page 131 - Clearly, the varied goals pursued by these groups were incompatible and led to considerable communal violence. Starting in 1900 the different groups began their campaigns, ravaging the countryside, slaughtering officials as well as Muslim and Christian subjects who refused to accept their points of view. Trains and postal carriages were intercepted, foreigners and wealthy natives kidnapped for ransom, churches blown up. Macedonia became a common expression of horror in the foreign press particularly...
Page 25 - The Greeks of loannina are, with the exception of the priests, and of some few who are in the employments of the Pasha, all engaged in trade ; and many of the better sort pass three or four years in the merchant-houses of Trieste, Genoa, Leghorn, Venice, and Vienna, which, in addition to the education they receive in the schools of their own city...
Page 235 - ... Discrimination. Hungarian Anti-Jewish Legislation, 1938-1944: Jewish Soc. Stud. 48, 1986, 63-82. - W. Roszkowski, Poland's Economic Performance between the Two World Wars: East Europ. Quart. 20, 1986, 285-297. - GW Strobel, Gewerkschaftssystem und Arbeiterinteressen in Polen: PolZG B39/1986, 16-38. - GW Gawrych, The Culture and Politics of Violence in Turkish Society, 1903-14: Middle Eastern Stud.
Page 19 - Certainly it is impossible to encourage the spread of our language among Greeks or Bulgarians, but it is surely possible among Albanians and Lazes, namely Muslims. If we set up regular schools in their countries and carry out the programmes which are now not fulfilled, the Laz and Albanian languages will be utterly forgotten in 20 Years.
Page 30 - ... Albania in 1879, the Englishman Edward Knight observed: [The Turks] seem, even after so many centuries, to be merely temporarily encamped in Albania. They have pachas and garrisons in the towns, but the natives enjoy a surprising amount of independence, and are allowed to do pretty well as they like. Indeed, the government is very weak here, neither feared nor respected — merely tolerated.135 The importance of this contribution should not be underestimated.

