TRAINING IN

66

HOW TO BECOME A
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66 THE ROYAL NAVY AS

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Descriptive of life in the Royal Navy, how to enter all commissioned branches, with Admiralty regulation thereon, rates of pay, &c.

Price 5s. net. Postage 6d.

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"ROYAL NAVY HOUSE," 21 Old Bond Street, LONDON, W.1.

ART IN SCHOOL AND HOME.

WE are glathe influence of art in everyday life by those

́E are glad to see that serious consideration is being responsible for higher education. The recently published Report to the University of London by a Special Committee of the British Institute of Industrial Art on the Teaching of Art in relation to Commerce in connexion with the Commerce Degree should be of interest to all who are concerned with the bearing of art on our manufactures.

It has often been said, perhaps with truth, that as a nation we have small natural talent for the art of decorative design: that we have excelled in landscape and portrait painting, but not in "decorative art "—that is, art which is fitted for a fixed place. If this is so, it is the more important that the deficiency should be supplied by education.

The recommendations contained in the Report aim at filling an important gap in our present arrangements for art teaching, which are, it is stated, at present mainly designed to meet the needs of intending artists, craftsmen, and teachers. There is some truth in the indictment, though the gap is being filled by the work done in our secondary schools.

The gap referred to in the Report is the need for an art training, suited to their special requirements, for the manufacturer and the merchant and for all those concerned with either buying, selling, or organizing the manufacture of products in which the element of design is of great importance.

In our scheme of art education we shall then have :-(1) The secondary school training the taste of the general public for simplicity, sincerity, and beauty in art and all that is fashioned by man, more especially in objects of everyday use. (2) The university carrying on this training in more specialized directions, though with a sound foundation of general knowledge and appreciation, to meet the needs of persons destined to fill responsible positions in commerce and industry, or in civic life. (3) The Art School for training Artists, Craftsmen, and Teachers. In this connexion Prof. William Rothenstein has recently said, in a lecture delivered before the Royal Society of Arts, that during the few months he had been Principal of the Royal College of Art he had forty or fifty applications from every part of the country for teachers, and not one for a designer or a craftsman. What will happen, he asked, if this sort of thing goes on? "In the end we shall have teachers teaching teachers, and a circle of teachers-for what end?" The remedy lies in bringing the manufacturer and the merchant more into touch with the artist, and the public with both.

Most of those responsible for the art work in secondary schools have for some time past been working with the above aims clearly before them, with results that are already apparent in the better taste shown on the part of the consuming public. Now that the universities are also working with the purpose of training the taste of the producer and salesman, the circle should be complete. The standard of taste of the supply will influence that of the demand, and vice versa. A nation can only produce what it has the taste to appreciate. As a result of training the power of appreciation we may hope for a com. plete release from the false artistic ideals which have spoilt our homes and cities. The distinction between the fine and the useful arts must be forgotten. It is always dangerous to divorce the beautiful from the useful. Such brazen basenesses as pokers which are useless to poke the fire with, nonstructural beams in half-timbered houses, and pseudo-Gothic porches to semi-detached villas, are disappearing, and are rapidly giving place to a beauty of design arising out of functional fitness and a right use of material.

66

The course of training suggested in the Report rightly gives scope for the study of the historic evolution of applied art: not in order to encourage revivals-of which we have had too many, and which are a misuse of historic knowledge-but because in art, as in all other departments of human activity, progress in the future must now rest on the lessons learnt from the successes and failures of the past.

CORRESPONDENCE.

CLASSICS IN EDUCATION.

To the Editors of The Journal of Education and School World. SIRS, May I make a brief comment on a sentence that occurs in your article on the "Classics in Education," in the September number of The Journal? It runs: "With regard to composition, the committee lent little countenance to the view urged by Mr. George Smith, of Dulwich, in the Modern Teacher, and now

widely prevalent, that the old-fashioned composition is crowded out and must go by the board." This view is not mine, nor anything like it. Indeed, in reading the committee's report, I had been glad to find that it-so I thought-expressed with weight and fullness the views which I personally hold on the practice of composition; so I was naturally dismayed to learn by your article that I was supposed to advocate a change with which I have no sympathy whatever. Doubtless what I said was said briefly and imperfectly; but, on reading it over again, I cannot find that it was misleading.-I am, yours faithfully, GEORGE SMITH. Dulwich College, S. E.21. September 12, 1921.

[I am sorry if I have misrepresented the head master of Dulwich in his able article. He says, quite rightly, that classics need to be revaluated now. "The thing has somehow got out of perspective. . . Too much time and attention are still generally given to composition." I do not think he can mean this to apply to the new council secondary schools, in many of which four hours a week, or four periods a week, and, in some cases, only two periods a week, are given to Latin. With regard to the public schools the committee find that in them "the classics occupy no preponderant or undue position," and the Oxford and Cambridge Joint Board, which examines these schools, has for several years been complaining of the inaccuracy and general weakness of the composition. Mr. Smith says "less time and attention should be given to composition. This is where the discrepancy lies. THE WRITER OF THE ARTICLE.]

E. Hecht, than whom no organizer has had a more varied and valuable experience. It was intended from the outset that he should be remunerated, but the financial position of the young Society, born in difficult times, never allowed of this, while, in view of the importance and growth of the work, the hon. secretary did not feel warranted in incurring the heavy responsibility of throwing it up.

Its small accumulated capital is exhausted, and it confidently looks to the public in general, and to social reformers in particular, to assist it in carrying on its many-sided activities. Among these, the giving of cookery demonstrations, lectures, and lessons, participating in exhibitions and conferences, questions to Parliamentary and other candidates, and the publication and circulation of literature throughout the British Dominions, play a prominent part. Moreover, were the means forthcoming, the work might be almost indefinitely extended. To place the Society upon a sound footing and to enable it to meet the demands upon it, it is proposed to raise £20,000, and we confidently appeal for your support.

Donations and annual subscriptions should be addressed to the Hon. Treasurer, Sybil, Viscountess Rhondda, D.B.E., Food Education Society, Danes Inn House, 265 Strand, W.C.2. Cheques to the order of the Food Education Society and crossed "Barclays Bank, Ltd."—Yours, &c., SYBIL, VISCOUNTESS RHONDDA. LEONARD HILL.

MONTAGU F. HOPSON.

T. N. KELYNACK, M.D., J.P.
ISABEL MARGESSON.

C. W. SALEEBY, M.D., F.R.S.E.
G. SIMS WOODHEAD.

HARRY CAMPBELL, M.D., Vice-Chairman.
H. BECKETT-OVARY, M.D., Chairman.

Food Education Society, Incorporated,
Danes Inn House, 265 Strand, W.C.2.
September 9, 1921.

FOOD EDUCATION SOCIETY.

To the Editors of The Journal of Education and School World. DEAR SIRS,-Unlike many societies and institutions, the Food Education Society has always held that prevention is better, as it is infinitely more economical, than cure. "It makes less noise in the world," remarked the Contemporary Review in March 1914, "than many rival organizations, but is doing work of a national character in calling attention to evils, the remedy for which lies very largely in our own hands." "It is its privilege," in the words of Mr. Reginald McKenna, ex-Chancellor of the Exchequer, "to have begun, as long ago as 1908 and in times of peace, a movement which the war has proved to be of real national importance." With its close, the necessity for a higher standard of health and for economy, both public and private, has in, no way diminished. Indeed, its labours were never more required than during the financial crisis which has yet to be surmounted.

Recent researches have proved beyond doubt that a very large number of people suffer from "deficiency" diseases and symptoms due to the omission of certain food elements in our haphazard diet, which consists, with most people, largely of white bread, meat, and potatoes.

In its campaign of education and prevention, the subject of the teeth has always figured prominently. With the convening of the Manchester Conference on "The Prevention of Diseases of the Teeth" and the publication of "The Gateway to Health," containing not only a full report in popular form, but much besides, the first and obvious steps to meet the grave situation have been taken. If, however, material assistance is forthcoming, it is prepared to carry on a vigorous and sustained propaganda throughout the country, as also to call another conference, probably international, on the scarcely less urgent subject of rickets. Such work is costly, particularly in these days of soaring printers' charges and increased postal rates.

The Society has had the advantage throughout its existence of the services as honorary secretary of Mr. Charles

EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE IN OXFORD-PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT. The second Educational Conference of the City of Oxford Teachers' Association will be held in the Examination Schools, Oxford, on the 7th and 8th inst. The opening address by Sir Walter Raleigh, on Friday morning, will be followed by an address on "The Quest for Truth," by Mr. A. S. Barnes, H.M.I. On Saturday morning, Dr. P. B. Ballard will give an address on "Arithmetic in Relation to Intelligence.' The afternoon sessions will be devoted to lecture demonstrations on "Literary Appreciation and Musical Appreciation," by Mr. E. A. Greening Lamborn, and Mr. H. W. Spicer. On Friday, at 8 p.m., an address will be given by the Rt. Hon. H. A. L. Fisher, M.P. Further particulars may be obtained from the Hon. Secretary, Mr. R. Neve, at St. Barnabas's Boys' School, Oxford.

"THE Year's Work in English Studies, 1919-20," which Sir Sidney Lee has edited for the English Association, is nearly ready for publication by the Oxford University Press. Its plan is that of the similar volume dealing with classical studies, and contains ten sections, which have been entrusted to independent contributors-the editor himself dealing with Shakespeare and Elizabethan drama, and Dr. F. S. Boas with the poetry and prose of the Elizabethan period. The Rev. Montague Summers reviews the works on the Restoration period, and writes on the Nineteenth Century and after.

In the programme of courses of lectures and classes for teachers arranged by the London County Council for the session 1921-22, we notice "English Drama from the Beginnings to Shakespeare," by Sir Israel Gollancz; "Translation from and into French," by Prof. R. L. G. Ritchie; "French Literature at End of Nineteenth and Beginning of Twentieth Century," by Prof. F. Y. Eccles; "The Great Capitals of the World,' by Dr. Vaughan Cornish; "The New Map of Europe," by Dr. J. F. Unstead; "Modern European History,' by Mr. J. A. R. Marriott, M.P.; "The Russian World To-day," by Sir Bernard Pares; "School Singing and Allied Subjects," by Dr. J. E. Borland; "Intelligence Tests," by Mr. Cyril Burt; "Theory and Practice of School Celebrations, by Dr. F. H. Hayward. Further information may be obtained from the Education Offices (H.4), New County Hall. S.E.1, by sending a stamped (24d.) foolscap envelope.

PERSONAL PARAGRAPHS.

By the death of Sir Alfred Dale a distinguished personality in the history of our younger universities has been removed. Sir Alfred was born in 1855, the son of the Rev. R. W. Dale, the eminent Congregationalist minister. A scholar of King Edward's School, Birmingham, he proceeded to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he passed through a brilliant academic career, taking his degree in 1879 as eighth in the Classical Tripos. He won the Chancellor's medal for an English poem in 1876 and 1878, the Members' prize in 1880, the Hulsean prize in 1881 for a dissertation on the evidences of the Christian religion, and the Seatonian prize for an English poem on a sacred subject in 1885. Elected to a fellowship, for ten years he was lecturer, bursar, and tutor of Trinity Hall, and became a member of the Council of the Senate, secretary of the General Board of Studies, and university representative on the Cambridge Borough Council. In 1899 he was appointed Principal of University College, Liverpool, and when the Victoria University was dissolved and its colleges became separate universities, he was appointed first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool and continued in office for sixteen years. The continued growth and prosperity of the university evidences Dale's capable handling of administration in the early critical years, and his resignation in 1919 was accepted with deep regret by the University Court, who placed on record their appreciation of his invaluable services and the esteem and confidence in which he was held throughout the university and the city. Dale was knighted in 1911, and he received honorary degrees from the Universities of Aberdeen and Bristol. He was an original member of the Board of Education Secondary School Examinations Council, and became chairman in succession to the present Bishop of Manchester in January last. He also served for many years as chairman of the Northern Universities Joint Matriculation Board and as a member of the Council of Mansfield College, Oxford.

THE death is reported of Mr. A. M. Cook, an assistant master at St. Paul's School from the end of the seventies in last century till his sixtieth birthday in 1915, and surmaster during the final years of that period. Mr. Cook was educated at Wellington and Wadham College, Oxford, where he was a scholar, and graduated in 1876. He was the son of the late Mr. S. K. Cook, of Greenwich; and Sir Charles Cook, late of the Charity Commission, and Mr. A. K. Cook, for long a master at Winchester College, are his brothers. He was the author of several useful school texts, and was the editor of the anthology of Latin verse in "The Golden Treasury Series." Mr. Cook possessed in a high degree the rare faculty of drawing out the latent powers of the boys in his classes, and no teacher won more quickly the affection and esteem of his pupils. He led them to think for themselves, and taught them by example. His death will be mourned by generations of old Paulines all the world over.

MR. J. B. BICKERSTETH, M.C., has been appointed Warden of Hart House in the University of Toronto. Educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford, Mr. Bickersteth gained his "Blue" for Association football in 1908, and captained the university eleven during the season 1910-11. In the following year he became a member of the Archbishop's Mission in Western Canada, his experience being published later under the title "The Land of Open Doors.' During the war he was on active service in France with the Royal Dragoons for three and a-half years, being awarded the Military Cross and bar. He is the author of "The

MR. A. N. DISNEY, who retired from the head mastership of Rutlish School, Merton, in July last, has, during his tenure of twenty-four years, raised the school in numbers, status, and achievements, until it became one of the leading schools of its kind in the south of England. Few head masters have worked more assiduously or with such versatility. He graduated tenth Senior Optime in the Maths. Tripos from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1881, and took a science degree at London in 1885. He has made a study of five modern languages, and has gained a local reputation as an authority on Dickens and other authors. He is also a fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society and has taken part in many optical conferences and exhibitions. The esteem and affection with which he is regarded by all connected with the school found expression at the end of the summer term, when he was the recipient of a presentation from his colleagues and past and present pupils.

MR. E. A. A. VARNISH, head master of the Cowley School, St. Helens, is to be the head master of Rutlish School, Merton, in succession to Mr. Disney. Mr. Varnish was educated at Highgate School and Hertford College, Oxford. He has had experience as an assistant master at Queen Mary's School, Walsall, Manchester Grammar School, and King Edward VII School, Lytham. He has been head master at the Cowley School since 1912, and has carried out to success a scheme of school government by the pupils.

MANY members of the teaching profession have expressed the wish that tribute should be paid to the memory of the late Mr. A. T. Simmons in these notes. As a student at the Royal College of Science, no less than as a teacher at Southport and Tettenhall and an inspector of secondary schools under the University of London, Mr. Simmons inspired esteem and affection in all with whom he came in contact. Possessing the rare combination of scholarship, business acumen, and frank kindliness of manner, he was always welcomed as a critic in the classroom and on school administration. His kindly consideration of the teacher and his unfailing endeavour to do everything he could to promote the interests of education were no less marked than his abhorrence of the fad or sham. He won respect by his absolute justice and impartiality, and head masters and assistants alike admired his sterling character and personality. His memory as an ideal inspector will long be

treasured in school life.

in China.

ONLOOKER.

MEDICAL EDUCATION.-The President of the Rockefeller Foundation reviews its activities in 1920. It assisted six medical schools in Canada; gave a large sum to a medical training centre in London; appropriated a million francs to the Queen Elizabeth Foundation for Medical Research in Belgium, besides contributing to the rebuilding of the Brussels Medical School; and provided American journals and laboratory supplies for ten medical schools in European countries. The Foundation was particularly active It is building, equipping, and staffing a central hospital at Peking, while it also aids strategically situated hospitals to combat disease in outlying districts. Trained leaders being need ful, it granted in 1920-through the International Health Board, the China Medical Board, and the Division of Medical Education fellowships to promising persons in thirteen different countries, Czecho-Slovakia being rightly favoured. Another of its aims is to eradicate yellow fever from the Western Hemisphere and to investigate the conditions of its prevalence on the west coast of

Africa.

THE Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell, reopened on September 26 with a programme of work and lectures as full as in pre-war days. The courses in the Engineering Day College are the full four-year courses. Very substantial additions have been made to the equipment owing to a liberal grant of the London County Council, especially in the Department of Optical Engineering and Applied Optics.