TON.-Six FOUNDATION SCHOLAR. SHIPS, including two of £60 a year, are competed for annually at the end of May. Candidates must be between 13 and 14 years of age on May 1st. The names of candidates must be sent in before May 20th to the HEAD MASTER, from whom entry forms and full particulars can be obtained.

SHIPS (not open to boys already at the College, Senior or Junior) will be held at Cheltenham in May, 1922. In addition there will be awarded a SCHOLARSHIP confined to sons of R.A.M.C. Officers, preference given to sons of Officers killed in action during the late War. Particulars may be had from the BURSAR.

`RANBROOK SCHOOL, KENT.

Head Master, Rev C. F. PIERCE, M.A. EXAMINATIONS for ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS and EXHIBITIONS are held in March, June, and November. For particulars apply to the HEAD MASTER, The School House, Cranbrook, Kent. SCHOLARSHIPS.

ARADAY HOUSE ELECTRI

FAR

School Transfers,

For Sale, Partnerships, &c.

IRLS' SCHOOLS FOR SALE.

GI

Sussex (Seaside). Boarding and Day School, 39 Boarders and 31 Day Pupils. Gross reeipts about £3 000. Goodwill by arrangement No. 7.242.- Scotland. Boarding and Day School. Gross receipts £3.653. 19 Boarders and 20 Day Pupils. Goodwill, school and household furniture $900. No. 7.243.-Yorkshire. Boarding and Day School. Gross receipts £1,596. 14 Boarders and 46 Day Pupils Goodwill £350; furniture at valuation. No. 7.269. Lake District. Boarding and Day School. 26 Boarders, 26 Day Pupils. Goodwill about £800. No. 7,272.-For further details of the above please write to Messrs. GRIffiths, PoweLL & SMITH. School Transfer Agents, 12 and 13 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.2.

SCHOOL.

OPEN ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS. Two open Entrance Scholarships, each of the value of £100, will be awarded, one in Arts and one in Science, in September, 1922.

An open War Memorial Scholarship, of the value of £200, will be awarded in Science in September, 1922.

Full particulars of the conditions and copies of previous Examination papers can be obtained from the DEAN, Guy's Hospital Medical School, London, S.E.1.

KING'S SCHOOL,

and

CANTERENTRANCE KING'S SCHOLARSHIPS. Some FIFTEEN SCHOLARSHIPS each June and November. For particulars apply to Head Master-A. LATTER, M.A.

NEWNHAM COLLEGE. NINE

SCHOLARSHIPS, one of £60, and others of £50 and £35, are offered in March on the results of a joint examination with Girton College. A certain number of EXHIBITIONS may also be awarded. Particulars can be obtained from the PRINCIPAL.

T. JOHN'S SCHOOL, LEATHER

HEAD. In addition to sons of living clergy elected on the Free Foundation, Supplementary Foundationers (sons of living clergy only) are received at the annual fee of 45 guineas. The School is also open to sons of Clergy or Laymen paying full fees, viz., Clergy 95 guineas. Laymen 105 guineas per annum. Day-Boys 33 guineas per annum. Modern School buildings for 240 boys. Boys prepared for the Universities, Army and Civil Service Examinations, &c. Leaving Scholarships. One or two Albany Scholarships awarded each year. Also three Entrance Scholarships, value £45. £35, and £25 per annum. Scholarship examination for 1922 and 1923 on the first Wednesday in July; entries close the last day of June. For Prospectus, &c., apply to the Head Master, the Rev E. A DOWNES

For Sale, &c.-continued.

WANTED TO PURCHASE. BOYS' and GIRLS' SCHOOLS in all parts of the Country. None but bona-fide Purchasers introduced. Ladies and Gentlemen wishing to dispose of their Schools should write with full particulars to

GENERAL MANAGER, Scholastic, Cle ical, and Medical Association, Limited, 22 Craven Street, Strand, W.C. 2.

COACHING,

Correspondence Lessons, &c.

PECIAL Correspondence Courses

HE ROSE SIDGWICK MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP, value $1,000, is open to British women of graduate standing for the purpose of a year's post-graduate study in an American College or University. The Fellowship for the academic year 1922-23 will be awarded in February, 1922. For further information, apply to THE SECRETARY, International Federation of University Women, 66 Avenue Chambers, Vernon Place, London, W.C.1.

WESTFIELD COLLEGE
(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON).
Chairman of Council:

T. W. H. INSKIP, Esq., K.C., M.P.
Principal: Miss E. C. Lodge.

Students are prepared for the Arts and Science Degrees of the University of London; there is also a two years' course in Citizenship, for which a College Diploma is awarded.

Fees. Residence £90 a year; Tuition from 38 guineas a year.

Scholarships from £60 to £30 a year for three years are offered for competition amination held annually in April.

For further particulars apply to the PRINCIPAL-
WESTFIELD COLLEGE, Hampstead, N.W.3.

WEYMOUTH COLLEGE.

SIX SCHOLARSHIPS for CLASSICS or MATHEMATICS,

of the value of £40 downwards, and open to boys between twelve and fourteen,

are offered annually for
Competition.

Next Examination will be in June, 1922.
For Prospectus and other information apply to the
HEAD MASTER.

Coaching, &c.-continued. Modern Correspondence College.

Medical Inspection schools. in Secondary Schools.

791

792

ONE NE of the most interesting parts of the recently published Report of the Medical Officer of the Board of Education for the year 1920 is that relating to medical inspection in secondary As such inspection became obligatory on April 1, 1920, the first report on the subject now appears. Judging from the details given, we have no doubt that medical inspection is as good for secondary as for elementary schools. Cases of malnutrition and uncleanness are, of course, less common in the former than in the latter. On the other hand, cases of defective vision and hearing, heart disease, anæmia, and deformity are more common-so much so that, in the opinion of the doctors, a number of the children are filling valuable places in the schools who are quite unable to benefit by a secondary-school education. In particular, cases are numerous of parents complacently proposing to send their children into the teaching profession with discharging ears, with their mouths full of abscesses, or with vision so defective as to be half blind, without the slightest intention of having these defects remedied, even when they are pointed out. It is encouraging, however, to find that, owing to the high standard of personal hygiene maintained in most of the schools, there is a progressive improvement in the higher forms. But the practical upshot of the Medical Officer's findings is that much greater care should be taken to secure that secondary-school places should be filled only by children

physically fit to take full advantage of the expensive education provided, especially having regard to the pressure upon secondary-school accommodation. The household duties of girls, now that domestic servants are difficult to obtain, call also for greater care than ever in planning the curricula of girls' schools. We note with regret that the provision of a midday meal at school is still the exception and not the rule.

ANOTHER problem dealt with by the Board's

Dull and Backward Children.

Medical Officer which we select for special comment is that of the dull and backward child, familiar in the organization of an elementary school as the child who does not march stage by stage in normal progress through the school. Omitting cases of such slight retardation as fall within the range of standard deviation" for the particular age, we are still left with about 10 per cent. of the older children classed as definitely backward. About two-fifths of these cases are due to such non-mental factors as irregular attendance, inefficient teaching in earlier years, and physical defect. The remaining three-fifths are due to apparently inborn mental factors. In some cases special classes, with liberal substitutes of manual training in place of the ordinary subjects of the curriculum, are provided. The report points out, however, that manual work is not a panacea for backwardness. There is great need for schooling under the best health conditions-open air work, adequate feeding, exercise, and rest, and for a proper understanding of the mentally weak child. In connexion with the latter requirement there is abundant room for expert research. In one way it seems absurd to spend money so freely on the backward child; but, until social conditions make the production of such children less common, the problem will remain as a large and difficult one. At present it affects about half a million children of school age, and probably not less than four millions of the whole population.

Nursery Schools.

THE Board's Medical Officer has, of course, to report that, in view of Circular 1190, no progress is being made in regard to the supply of nursery schools. Twentyseven have been established, of which three have been closed. In connexion with five of these, conducted in each case as a department of a training college, teachers are being trained for nursery school work, so that a supply of duly trained persons will be available as superintendents as soon as the local authorities are able to establish the schools. Meantime it is known, though the Medical Officer's Report does not mention the fact, that some of the teachers so trained are being placed in charge of the babies' classes in infant schools, with a view to putting the results of their training into operation. In some ways there are advantages in going slowly in the development of the system. The existing schools vary considerably in regard to the type of building and the general arrangements, and the experience gained will enable local authorities to learn from actual working which form of school is best. It is satisfactory to find that unpretentious buildings and simple equipment are considered actually advantageous.

A Case for Economy.

to the State.

as against 2s. last year. Probably the increased price is quite justified if the Report is not to be published at a loss But our strong impression is that a report of this length is not justified. If one cut out tedious details which no one will read, matter which is easily accessible in other books, and repetitions from previous reports, there would be no loss. Indeed, there would be distinct gain, because in many institutions three copies of a short report published at 2s. would be far more valuable than the inevitable single copy of a long report published at 6s. No attempt at a digest of details seems to have been made, and the result is that this Medical Report is far longer than the Board's Report on the education of the whole country. At a time when economy is being dinned into people's ears, the Board ought not to be altogether proud of this Medical Report. We believe we are right in stating that a copy is sent as a matter of course to each of the Board's inspectors. We wonder to what purpose.

A MOTION at an educational conference dealing

with co-education excites schoolmasters and educationists alike, just as a discussion on the merits of a The Case for Co-education.

classical or modern side training rouses

66

of performances of Shakespeare and surcharged by the Government auditor. The County Council relied chiefly on Article 44B of the Code, which authorises as school attendance any time occupied by visits paid during school hours to places of educational value or interest. The Lord Chief Justice and his colleagues agreed that the Council were fully entitled to take children to such places, but they held that theatres, apart from the performances, were not places of educational value or interest. After all," he said, "the play is the thing." But, in any event, it was held the words in the section, while they might entitle children to admission to places of interest, do not enable the Authority to provide the place, the actors and actresses, and give the performance. The attitude of the court, however, was not unfriendly, as was shown by the remark of the Lord Chief Justice, "If the Board of Education think it right that elementary school children should attend such places as part of their curriculum, it would be easy to insert in the Code words fitted to cover such a course."

of the Mixed Schools Committee of the Head Masters' Association is the result of such a motion, and consequently may awaken some feeling. Not that the pamphlet is unreasonable. It urges all to "enjoy in common." "Love of music, art, and literature would save the nation from greed and grumbling." The report dispels all fears likely to arise from the mixing of the sexes in secondary schools." It is, of course, drawn up by those whom Sganarelle would include among the orfèvres; it considers mixed schools as in the vanguard of educational progress; it admits that inspectors are apt to be unfriendly and suspicious; and it shows how fine a part mixed schools played in the war. For the benefit of the unlearned, the report explains that a uniform curriculum in mixed schools is neither usual or desirable. It insists, very properly, on the weight that wise and sympathetic mistresses bring to bear on what concerns girls more particularly in co-educational schools, of which there are 200 in this country. The general opinion among co-educationists is that there is greater difference between boy and boy and girl and girl than between the average boy and the average girl." Whether boys, or girls, are best as well as worst we are not told. For the sake of comparison, we give the average ages of the candidates passing the General School Examination of 1921 :-Girls only, sixteen years six months; all candidates, sixteen years four months; boys only, sixteen years two months. Finally, the report holds that "the natural interplay of the qualities of the two sexes is desirable." Should this interplay take place in school, or in the greater opportunities for association, apart from education? It is for English parents to decide. They will find the case for the school well put in the co-educationist's pamphlet.

Is

Sa theatre at which a classical play is performed a place of educational interest, within the meaning of the Act? This was, in effect, the question decided

The School and Theatre.

recently by the High Court, arising out of an amount of £2,745 granted by the London County Council for the provision

View.

THE view of the teachers and, we think we may add, most supporters of a real humanizing education for children, is easily defined. It is simply: we cannot give up Shakespeare. It is bad enough that educational advance is hindered by the nation's lack of pence; to that, however, we have resigned ourselves, but we cannot consent to abandon any territory we have already won. The reading of Shakespeare we regard as a vital part of the school curriculum, and the reading of Shakespeare is but a truncated study to those who can never witness a performance of one of his plays. It may be objected that Shakespeare's plays are not the only dramas which may be considered to have an educational value, that there are signs of a coming output of historical plays, and that some of these may be as valuable to children as Shakespeare. True, and no doubt many heads will be scratched in the effort to decide what it is permissible to provide for children at the expense of the rates. But the same difficulty occurs with pictures, lantern lectures, school journeys, and even books, and it is not allowed to block the way. There are certain conditions no doubt which the public has a right to require, the principal being that the plays be staged as simply as possible, and all unnecessary cost avoided, that children be allowed to go to no play which they have not previously studied, and that the teachers do their share in making Shakespeare intelligible-for instance there ought to be in every large school one teacher at least who can read Shakespeare dramatically, and get get up dramatic performances.

THE importance of

us.

The Kinema in Education.

66

seeing" in our education does not appear to be realized by those in authority over The law has decided that seeing a play of Shakespeare is not education, and the London County Council, which does believe that seeing a play of Shakespeare is education, does not believe that utilizing the kinema in schools in order to see things that cannot otherwise be seen is education. On this point, however, they are agnostic rather than disbelieving. They have been discussing the matter for eight years, but are not yet convinced, and wait for other people to prove that the kinema can be used for education, and is not merely a show. But with films used all over Western Europe for propaganda

and what is propaganda but teaching?- with manu