189 WINES IN EARLY CHN. WRITERS-SYRIAC VERSION, 196 WINES UNDER THE FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR, WINES IN UNDIVIDED EMPIRE-LATIN VERSION, WINES IN THE KORAN AND AMONG MUHAMMEDANS, 217 WINES IN THE WESTERN CHURCH-ARABIC VERSION, WINE FOR THE SUPPER IN MISSION FIELDS, - MODERN FASHIONABLE SOCIETY AND WINES, MODERN CHEMISTS ON THE LAW OF WINES, MODERN ENCYCLOPÆDISTS ON HISTORY OF WINES, MODERN MEDICAL SCIENCE AS TO THE LAW OF WINES, 278 MODERN STATESMEN AND STATUTES AS TO WINES, RECENT AMERICAN LEGISLATION AS TO WINES, RECENT CHURCH REFORM AS TO WINES, LAW TESTED BY UNIFORM FACTS AND CONVICTIONS, 306 UNIVERSAL SEARCH FOR UNFERMENTED WINE, UNIFORM MODE OF MAKING UNFERMENTED WINE, COMMON TERMS FOR THE EFFECTS OF Wines, THE WRITER TO HIS READERS. If the writer of the following treatise may judge from his own experience, the title-page of this volume will be met with both a pre-judgment and a prejudice. That pre-judgment will appear in the inquiry: "Has not advanced scholarship decided that there can be no unfermented wine?" That prejudice will reveal itself in the question: “If Divine law has appointed the use of unintoxicating wines, why has not the law of their preparation been sooner brought out?" It the prejudice be groundless, the pre-judgment may permit an impartial meeting of writer and reader. Ruling minds in Europe and America are now agreed that stable and efficient government must be constitutional; that servitude must be but minorage guardianship; and that religious worship must be free. Thorough scholarship now finds that each of these modern reforms was embodied both in theory and practice in Hebrew, Grecian and Roman constitutions; and that they are ever traceable in the connections of ancient literature. A clear and full understanding of the actual statements of ancient writers is attained only by the conspiring of two cooperating causes; first, an imperative popular demand which gives a clear eye; second, a comprehensive survey which gives a full view. The same writers whose records make distinct the existence of the rule of natural law, now admitted as reform, reveal an unbroken succession of facts illustrating "the Divine law as to wines." In all ages of thought and culture, physicians, statesmen and moralists have recognized the "poison lurking in fermented wines; and from sanitary, social and religious convictions, they have sought to counteract and eradicate it. The Egyptians and Hebrews had an "unfermented wine;' as a chain of authorities from Moses, the historian and law-giver, to Fuerst, the latest Hebrew lexicographer, attest. The laxative, as opposed to the intoxicating effect of such wine, is stated by a succession of Hebrew, Grecian and Roman writers. The mode of preparing and preserving such wine is minutely described by Roman writers from Cato, B.C. 200, to Pliny, A.D. 100. The fact that such wine is referred to in the Gospel histories as that used by Christ at both the Passover and Lord's Supper, is confirmed by the words of the inspired writers, by the comments and translations of the early and of the Reformed Christian scholars, and by the prevailing, though ofttimes perverted, practice of the Jewish and Christian Churches. The demands of science, in medicine and jurisprudence, in social and Christian ethics, justify the attempt to trace impartially that history. THE DIVINE LAW AS TO WINES. EXPERIENCE AS A GUIDE TO LAW. EXPERIENCE, or personal history, is not only a part of, but an essential prerequisite to the study of universal history in each and all of its departments. The writer's boyhood-memories recall a childhood-tasting of the sugary bottom of a glass on his mother's sideboard left by a guest of his father, who was a clergyman of great moral worth. The sensation as of worms crawling through his young brain, the "biting serpent" of Solomon, created a dread never overcome. Shortly after an extra glass led that father to insist that a closet-door should open the opposite way from that indicated by its hinges, and gave an added terror to that dread; for it embodied Solomon's warning, "Wine is a mocker; Strong drink is raging." The temperance reform soon came; that father was one of its earnest, but conservative advocates; and an early Christian profession added to the convictions before formed. In school-days extremists were met. Some fellow-students, preparing for college, were so severe toward conservatives and so ascetic in their demands, that their mate of but fourteen years rose and proposed to add to the pledge "abstinence from cold water;" since many lost their lives by intemperance in its use. Youth and early manhood passed without committal to a pledge, but in the strictest abstinence. A tour in the East, through Egypt, by Mount Sinai, through Palestine, was made in 1847-'8. Shortly after the scholarly investigations of Presi dent Nott and of Professor Stuart had stemmed, though not turned the tide, counter to sound Biblical interpretation, which heated advocates of total abstinence had awakened by their attacks on the Christian Church and the Christian Scriptures as inculcating the use of wines. The counter and opposing statements of Rev. Messrs. Smith and Homes, coming from Syria and Constantinople, prompted personal observation and inquiry throughout the entire Levant. The subsequent responsible charge of pastor to a congregation, many of whose members were leading statesmen, led to a frequent presentation of the evils arising from wine-drinking in fashionable society; which aided the determination then prevalent to banish wine from official entertainments. The equally responsible duty of a col |