of light red wines are exported to Constantinople and Black Sea ports. There is some timber-cutting and building of small sailing vessels.

(C) COMMERCE

In 1911 the imports were estimated at £2,532, the exports (the chief item being olives and oil) at £4,000. In 1913 a slight export of tobacco had begun.

SKYROS

(A) COMMUNICATIONS

(a) Roads.-There is one good road on the island, leading from the marble quarries to the port of Pefko, where marble is loaded, Otherwise the means of communication consist of mule-tracks, and pack-mules are the only means of transport.

(b) Ports.-Port Trebuki (Tristomon), on the southeast side of the island, lies in a bay 1 miles in width and nearly the same in length, with good anchorage in deep water.

Pefko, on the west coast north of Valaxa Island, is used chiefly for loading marble. There is a good quay equipped with a 20-ton crane with deep water alongside, and cargoes can be loaded direct into oceangoing steamers.

Skyros.-There is an anchorage below the town (on the east coast of the island) in 12 fathoms of water. There is no good port here.

Steamers running between the Piraeus, Volo, and Salonika call regularly at Skyros.

The Deutsche Levante steamers used to call monthly on their way from Batum to Hamburg.

(c) Cables. The island is connected by telegraph with Euboea, and thus with the rest of the world.

(B) INDUSTRY

(1) Agriculture.-The northern part of the island, though mountainous, is cultivated, and vines and corn are grown on the hill-sides and also in the plains. The island is stated to produce the best wheat grown in the archipelago. Wine, corn, honey, oranges, lemons, and madder are exported in considerable quantities. Also the island carries a large flock of sheep and goats, and there is a considerable export trade in these.

(2) Marble Quarrying. The marble quarries are important, employing about 250 men and exporting about 3,000 tons of marble per annum. The quarries are equipped with up-to-date machinery.

APPENDIX

I. PROTOCOL OF LONDON, 22 MAR. 1829

(ENGLAND, FRANCE, RUSSIA)

Suzerainty of the Porte.

Greece shall enjoy, under the Suzerainty of the Porte, the internal administration best calculated to guarantee the religious and commercial liberty, as well as the prosperity and the repose, which it is desired to assure to it.

With this view, that administration shall be assimilated, as much as possible, to monarchical forms, and shall be confided to a Christian Chief or Prince, whose authority shall be hereditary, in the order of primogeniture.

In no case can that Chief be chosen among the Princes of the families reigning in the three States of the Powers who signed the Treaty of 6th July, 1827; and the first choice shall be effected in concert between the three Courts and the Ottoman Porte.

In order to mark the relations of Vassalage on the part of Greece towards the Ottoman Empire, it shall be agreed that besides the payment of the annual Tribute, every Chief of Greece, when the hereditary authority shall have devolved upon him, shall receive his investiture from the Porte, and shall pay to it a supplementary year's Tribute upon his accession to power.

In case of the extinction of the reigning branch, the Porte shall participate in the choice of the new Chief, in the same manner as it took part in the choice of the first.

II. PROTOCOL OF LONDON, 3 FEB. 1830

(ENGLAND, FRANCE, RUSSIA)

§ 1. Greece shall form an Independent State, and shall enjoy all the rights, political, administrative, and commercial, attached to complete Independence.

§ 3. The Greek Government shall be Monarchical, and hereditary according to the order of primogeniture. It shall be confided to a Prince, who shall not be capable of being chosen

from among those of the families reigning in the States that signed the Treaty of the 6th July, 1827, and who shall bear the title of Sovereign Prince of Greece. The choice of that Prince shall form the object of subsequent communications and stipulations.

§ 8. Each of the 3 Courts shall retain the power, secured to it by Article VI of the Treaty of the 6th July, 1827, of guaranteeing the whole of the foregoing arrangements and Articles. The Acts of Guarantee, if there be any, shall be drawn up separately; the operation and effects of these different Acts shall become, in conformity with the abovementioned Article, the object of further stipulations on the part of the High Powers. No troops belonging to one of the Contracting Powers shall be allowed to enter the territory of the new Greek State, without the consent of the two other Courts who signed the Treaty..

III. TREATY OF LONDON, 29 MAR. 1864

(ENGLAND, FRANCE, RUSSIA, GREECE)

ART. I. Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, desiring to realise the wish expressed by the Legislative Assembly of the United States of the Ionian Islands, that those Islands should be united to Greece, has consented, on the conditions hereinafter specified, to renounce the Protectorate over the Islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Santa Maura, Ithaca, Cerigo, and Paxo, with their Dependencies, which, in virtue of the Treaty signed at Paris on the 5th November, 1815, by the Plenipotentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, were constituted a single Free and Independent State, under the denomination of the United States of the Ionian Islands', placed under the immediate and exclusive Protection of His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his heirs and

successors.

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In consequence, Her Britannic Majesty, His Majesty the Emperor of the French, and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, in their character of signing parties to the Convention of the 7th May, 1832, recognise such Union, and declare that Greece, within the Limits determined by the arrangement concluded at Constantinople between the Courts of Great Britain, France, and Russia, and the Ottoman Porte,

on the 21st July, 1832, including the Ionian Islands, shall from a Monarchical, Independent, and Constitutional State, under the Sovereignty of His Majesty King George, and under the Guarantee of the 3 Courts.

ART. II. The Courts of Great Britain, France, and Russia, in their character of Guaranteeing Powers of Greece, declare, with the assent of the Courts of Austria and Prussia, that the Islands of Corfu and Paxo, as well as their Dependencies, shall, after their Union to the Hellenic Kingdom, enjoy the advantages of perpetual Neutrality.

His Majesty the King of the Hellenes engages, on his part, to maintain such Neutrality.

ART. IV. The Union of the United States of the Ionian Islands to the Kingdom of Greece shall in no wise invalidate the principles established by the existing legislation of those Islands with regard to Freedom of Worship and Religious Toleration; accordingly the Rights and Immunities established in matters of Religion by Chapters I and V of the Constitutional Charter of the United States of the Ionian Islands, and specifically the recognition of the Orthodox Greek Church as the Dominant Religion in those Islands; the entire Liberty of Worship granted to the Established Church of the Protecting Power; and the perfect Toleration promised to other Christian communions shall, after the Union, be maintained in their full force and effect.

The special Protection guaranteed to the Roman Catholic Church, as well as the advantages of which that Church is actually in possession, shall be equally maintained; and the subjects belonging to that communion shall enjoy in the Ionian Islands the same Freedom of Worship which is recognised in their favour by the Protocol of the 3rd February, 1830.

The principle of entire Civil and Political Equality between subjects belonging to different Creeds, established in Greece by the same Protocol, shall be likewise in force in the Ionian Islands.

ART. V. The Legislative Assembly of the United States of the Ionian Islands has decreed by a Resolution passed on the 7/19th October, 1863, that the sum of £10,000 sterling a year shall be appropriated, in monthly payments, to the augmentation of the Civil List of His Majesty the King of the Hellenes so as to constitute the first charge upon the revenue of the Ionian Islands, unless provision be made for such payment,

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