la reine a passé par la (the queen has passed

ville,

jetez cela par la fenêtre,

le chien est sous la table,

through the town. Sthrow that through (or out of) the window. the dog is under the table.

1. Ma tante demeure chez un boulanger. 2. La jeune fille est aveugle depuis son enfance. 3. Mettez-vous (put yourself) derrière l'armoire. 4. Le chien sauta de dessous le lit. 5. Je l'ai accompagné jusqu'à la gare. 6. Ma sœur a acheté de la soie, au lieu de coton. 7. Nous nous sommes promenés le long du chemin de fer. 8. Le château est situé au-dessus de la ville. 9. Il y a un mur autour du jardin. 10. Je suis resté au lit à cause du mauvais temps. 11. Il y a une grande différence entre les deux frères. 12. Monsieur votre oncle est-il chez lui? Non, Monsieur, il est en ville. 13. Ne demeurent-elles pas vis-à-vis de la Bourse? 14. Les Allemands défendaient leur patrie contre leurs ennemis.

1. My uncle lived at the house of a baker. 2. The boy is blind since his birth. 3. Place yourselves behind the door. 4. The dogs leaped from beneath the table. 5. We will accompany her as far as the station. 6. My sisters will purchase silk instead of cotton. 7. We will walk along the railway. 8. Is your mother at home? No, sir, she is in the town. 9. Is the country-house situated above the town? No, sir, it is situated below the town. 10. Is there a wall around the garden? 11. Did she remain in bed in consequence of the weather? 12. There was a great difference between my two sisters. 13. Does not your uncle live opposite the Exchange? 14. Will the French defend their country against their enemies?

B.

1. Pour qui est ce beau cadeau? Il est pour ma cousine Émilie. 2. Pour combien de temps avez-vous loué cette chambre? Je l'ai louée pour deux mois. 3. Quand partirez-vous? Je pars demain pour Munich. 4. Où demeurez-vous? Nous demeurons sur le bord du Rhin, vis-à-vis de Mannheim. 5. Où allez-vous si vite? Je vais chez mon grand-père. 6. Quand êtes-vous entrés? Nous sommes entrés après vous. 7. Quand êtes-vous arrivés? Hier (au) soir, vers les six heures, avant le coucher du soleil. 8. A-t-on poussé le garçon? On l'a poussé contre le mur. 9. Contre qui Monsieur votre oncle est-il fâché? Il est fâché contre son domestique. 10. Êtesvous reconnaissant envers vos bienfaiteurs? Je le suis et le serai toujours, toute ma vie. 11. Avez-vous votre canne? La voici, je l'ai à la main. 12. Partirez-vous demain? Selon les circonstances.

1. For wl.om is this beautiful present? It is for my sister Mary. 2. For how long have you hired that house? I have hired it for six months. 3. When did your sister set out? She set out yesterday for London. 4. Where does your uncle live? He lives on the bank of the Seine, opposite Paris. 5. Where is she going so quick? She is going to (the house of) her aunt. 6. When did she come? She came in after you. 7. When did he arrive? Yesterday evening, about (say toward) eight o'clock, before sunset. 8. Who has pushed the child? The boys have pushed him against the wall. 9. Is your father angry? Yes, sir, he is angry with (say against) his servant. 10. Is your nephew grateful toward his benefactor? He is, and will be always, all his life. 11. Has your sister her umbrella? There it is-she has it in her hand. 12. Will your uncle set out to-morrow? According to circumstances.

XXVII. CONJUNCTIONS (Conjonctions).

Conjunctions serve to join words and sentences together. They are divided into Simple Conjunctions, that is, composed of a single word: as, et, and, ou, or; and Compound Conjunctions, that is, composed of several words: as, à moins que, unless. .

1. Le père écrit les lettres, et le fils les copie. 2. Travaillez ou jouez. 3. Je crois qu'il fera beau temps demain. 4. On l'attendit, mais en vain. 5. Le professeur est content de ses écoliers quand ils sont appliqués; mais s'ils sont paresseux, il n'en est pas content. 6.

Mademoiselle Mathilde est jolie; cependant elle ne me plaît pas. 7. Puisque vous êtes ici, je vous donnerai une leçon de musique. 8. Nous ne nous promènerons pas aujourd'hui, car il pleut. 9. Ce petit garçon serait très-heureux s'il avait quelques bons livres. 10. Demandez-lui s'il a assez d'argent. 11. Frédéric est pauvre, néanmoins il est toujours habillé proprement. 12. Quand on travaille, on gagne de l'argent.

7.

1. The mother writes the letters, and the daughter copies them. 2. She works or plays. 3. I believe that it will be wet (say will make bad weather) to-morrow. 4. He waited for you, but in vain. 5. If the scholars are idle, the master is not content with them. 6. Your niece is pretty; however, she does not please us. Since you are here, the professor will give you a music-lesson. 8. My uncle will not take a walk to-day, for he is ill. 9. This little girl would be very happy if she had some good books. 10. Ask the girl if she have enough money. 11. The boys are poor, nevertheless they are always dressed neatly. 12. When the pupils are diligent, they work and gain money.

Compound Conjunctions.

B.

1. Tout le monde l'aime, parce qu'il a un bon cœur. 2. Un voleur a volé ma montre pendant que j'étais absent. 3. Ce jeune homme travaille tandis que son frère joue toujours. 4. Tant que vous serez ici, vous demeurerez chez moi. 5. Je vous montrerai la lettre aussitôt que je l'aurai lue. 6. Mes sœurs étaient absentes; c'est pourquoi on ne les a pas invitées. 7. Avant quet vous quittiez notre ville, il faut que vous dîniez avec nous. 8. Approchez pour quet je vous montre cela. 9. Quoiquet l'ambition soit un vice, elle est quelquefois la cause de grands exploits. 10. Il n'ira pas à moins quet vous ne lui demandiez.

Avant que, pour que, quoique, à moins que, govern the Subjunctive Mood: à moins que requires ne with the Subjunctive Mood which it governs.

1. Every one (say all the world) loved him, because he had a good heart. 2. The robbers robbed our watches while we were absent. 3. Those young men worked while our brothers were playing. 4. As long as she is (say will be) here, she will stop with us. 5. We will show you the letter immediately we have read it. 6. My brothers were absent; it is the reason why my aunt did not invite them. 7. Before your sisters leave (subj.) our town, they must dine (say it is necessary that they dine) with us. 8. Draw near, in order that we may show this present. 9. I will not go, unless you ask me. 10. We will not go, unless you ask us.

XXIX.-FORMATION OF TENSES.

The Tenses are divided into Primitive and Derivative. The Primitive Tenses are:

The Derivative Tenses are formed from the Primitive, and are the following:

I. From the INFINITIVE are formed two Tenses:

1. The Future, by adding -ai: as j'aimer-ai from aimer.

2. The Conditional, by adding -ais: as j'aimer-ais from aimer.

II. From the PRESENT PARTICIPLE are formed three Tenses:

1. The three persons plural of the Present Indicative, by changing -ant into -ons, -ez, -ent: as aim-ons, aim-ez, aim-ent, from aim-ant.

2. The Imperfect Indicative, by changing -ant into -ais: as j'aim-ais from aim-ant.

3. The Present Subjunctive, by changing -ant of the Participle into e: as que j'aim-e from aim-ant.

III. From the PAST PARTICIPLE are formed all Compound Tenses by means of the Auxiliary Verb avoir or être; as: j'ai aimé, j'avais aimé; je suis venu, j'étais venu.

IV. From the PRESENT INDICATIVE the Imperative is formed by dropping the Personal Pronoun, as aime.

V. From the PAST DEFINITE is formed the Imperfect Subjunctive, by changing the termination into -asse for the first conjugation; into -isse for the second and fourth conjugations; and into usse for the third and sometimes also for the second and fourth conjugations; as:

The irregularity in the Verbs is chiefly confined to the Primitive Tenses. The Derivative Tenses are for the most part regular.

In the following list of Irregular Verbs the first person only is given, when the other persons are regular.

I. IRREGULAR VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION.

1. Envoyer, to send.

Inf. envoyer. Part. prés. envoyant. Part. passé, envoyé. Prés. j'envoie; nous envoyons, vous envoyez, ils envoient.

Prés. du Subj. que j'envoie, que vous envoyiez.

Imparf. j'envoyais, nous envoyions, vous envoyiez.

Passé déf. j'envoyai.

Imparf. du Subj. que j'envoyasse.

Fut. j'enverrai, tu enverras, etc.

Cond. j'enverrais, tu enverrais, etc.

Impér. envoie, envoyons, envoyez.