cousin a des chevaux et des chiens. 4. Le roi a de l'or et de l'argent. 5. La reine a des bijoux. 6. Avez-vous du café et du thé? 7. Emilie a du papier et de l'encre. 8. A-t-elle aussi des plumes? 9. Elle a des plumes et des crayons. 10. Avez-vous du vin, monsieur? 11. Non, j'ai de la bière. 12. Le marchand a du fromage et du beurre. 13. Il a du pain, du beurre et du sel.

NOTE. In translating the following sentences, insert the partitive article before the nouns which are not in the Nominative case.

1. Have you bread and meat? 2. I have bread and cheese. 3. Have you bread and butter? 4. I have bread, butter, and cheese. 5. I have gold, silver, and jewels. 6. He has horses and dogs. 7. She has paper and ink. 8. She has pens and pencils. 9. The merchant has wine and beer. 10. The merchant has wine and salt. 11. The children have coffee and tea. 12. The merchant has coffee, tea, and salt.

2. When a partitive noun is in the Genitive case, the article is not used, only de: as, une bouteille de vin, a bottle of wine.

De is used with the Genitive, without the Article, after adverbs of quantity:

1. J'ai une livre de viande et deux livres de pain. 2. J'ai un verre de vin. 3. Il a un verre de bière. 4. Combien de café avez-vous ? 5. J'ai beaucoup de café; j'ai trois livres de café. 6. Avez-vous assez de sucre ? 7. Combien de pommes avez-vous? 8. J'ai une bouteille de vin. 9. Nous avons trois livres de sucre. 10. Nous avons deux livres de café. 11. La reine a beaucoup de bijoux. 12. Avez-vous assez d'argent? 13. Ils ont plus de viande. 14. Avez-vous assez de pain? 15. Combien de personnes sont-elles? Elles sont trois.

t

1. We have two pounds of meat and three pounds of bread. 2. I have a bottle of beer. 3. The children have two bottles of wine. 4. The merchant has much sugar. 5. How much tea have you? 6. I have much tea; I have four pounds of tea. 7. How much sugar have you? I have three pounds of sugar. 8. Have you enough sugar? I have four pounds of sugar. 9. Have you enough jewels? 10. Have the generals enough horses? merchant has enough wine and beer. 12. I have two bottles of wine and three bottles of beer.

11. The

2. A noun feminine, beginning with a consonant.

Singular.

of the table.

Dat. à la table,

to the table.

3. A noun masculine or feminine, beginning with a

vowel or h mute.

V. THE PARTITIVE ARTICLE (l'Article partitif). The Partitive Article, some, is the same as the Genitive of the Definite Article, being compounded of de and the Article:

1. The Partitive Article is always used in French to express the part of a thing, though it is often omitted in English: as,

j'ai du pain et de la viande,

I have some bread and some meat, or I have bread and meat;

meaning, "I have a part of the bread and of the meat.

EXERCISE VII.

1. Il a du pain et de la viande. 2. Avez-vous des enfants, madame? Oui, j'ai trois enfants, un fils et deux filles. 3. Mon

cousin a des chevaux et des chiens. 4. Le roi a de l'or et de l'argent. 5. La reine a des bijoux. 6. Avez-vous du café et du the? 7. Emilie a du papier et de l'encre. 8. A-t-elle aussi des plumes? 9. Elle a des plumes et des crayons. 10. Avez-vous du vin, monsieur? 11. Non, j'ai de la bière. 12. Le marchand a du fromage et du beurre. 13. Il a du pain, du beurre et du sel.

NOTE. In translating the following sentences, insert the partitive article before the nouns which are not in the Nominative case.

1. Have you bread and meat? 2. I have bread and cheese. 3. Have you bread and butter? 4. I have bread, butter, and cheese. 5. I have gold, silver, and jewels. 6. He has horses and dogs. 7. She has paper and ink. 8. She has pens and pencils. 9. The merchant has wine and beer. 10. The merchant has wine and salt. 11. The children have coffee and tea. 12. The merchant has coffee, tea, and salt.

2. When a partitive noun is in the Genitive case, the article is not used, only de: as, une bouteille de vin, a bottle of wine.

De is used with the Genitive, without the Article, after adverbs of quantity:

1. J'ai une livre de viande et deux livres de pain. 2. J'ai un verre de vin. 3. Il a un verre de bière. 4. Combien de café avez-vous? 5. J'ai beaucoup de café; j'ai trois livres de café. 6. Avez-vous assez de sucre? 7. Combien de pommes avez-vous ? 8. J'ai une bouteille de vin. 9. Nous avons trois livres de sucre. 10. Nous avons deux livres de café. 11. La reine a beaucoup de bijoux. 12. Avez-vous assez d'argent? 13. Ils ont plus de viande. 14. Avez-vous assez de pain? 15. Combien de personnes sont-elles? Elles sont trois.

t

1. We have two pounds of meat and three pounds of bread. 2. I have a bottle of beer. 3. The children have two bottles of wine. 4. The merchant has much sugar. 5. How much tea have you? 6. I have much tea; I have four pounds of tea. 7. How much sugar have you? I have three pounds of sugar. 8. Have you enough sugar? I have four pounds of sugar. enough jewels? 10. Have the generals enough horses? 11. The merchant has enough wine and beer. 12. I have two bottles of wine and three bottles of beer.

9. Have you

VI.-PROPER NAMES (Noms propres).

1. Names of Persons in French, as in English, are used without the Article, as, Frédéric, Frederick.

2. Names of Towns in French, as in English, are also without the Article: as, Londres, London, Bruxelles, Brussels; except some few, as Le Havre, La Rochelle.

3. On the contrary, the names of countries and parts of the world have the Article in French: as,

NOTE.-1. In and to a country are expressed by en,

without the article: as,

en France, in or to France.

en Angleterre, in or to England.

2. In, at, or to a town are expressed by à: as,

à Paris, in, at, or to Paris.

à Londres, in, at, or to London.

EXERCISE IX.

A.

1. Charles est mon frère. 2. Émilie est ma sœur. 3. J'ai les gants de Sophie. 4. Où est Monsieur Pierre? Il est à Londres. 5. Où est le chapeau de Frédéric? Voici le chapeau de Frédéric. 6. Avez-vous vu Madame Johnson? Oui, j'ai vu Madame Johnson. 7. Avez-vous le crayon de Jean? Non, j'ai le crayon de Guillaume. 8. Marie est la fille de Madame Johnson. 9. Est-elle ici? Non, elle est à Paris. 10. Où est Monsieur Guillaume? Il est à Londres. 11. Mon cousin està Vienne. 12. Où sont les enfants de Madame Johnson ? qui est le chapeau? Il est à Monsieur Frédéric.

13. À

1. William is my brother. 2. Mary is my sister. 3. I have the gloves of Miss Emily. 4. Where is Mr. William? He is in Paris. 5. Where is Miss Emily? She is in London. 6. She has the gloves of Miss Sophy. 7. Where is Mrs. Johnson? She is in London. 8. Have you William's pencil? No, I have John's pencil. 9. Have you Peter's hat? Yes, I have Peter's hat. 10. Where is the cousin of Mrs. Johnson? He is in London.

11. To whom do the gloves belong? They belong to Miss Mary. 12. Have you seen Mr. Johnson? Yes, I have seen Mr. Johnson.

B.

1. Les parties du monde sont l'Europe, l'Asie, l'Amérique et l'Afrique. 2. Londres est la capitale de l'Angleterre. 3. Mon cousin est en Amérique. 4. Mon père est en Angleterre. 5. Berlin est la capitale de la Prusse. 6. Dresde est la capitale de la Saxe. 7. Mon frère est en~Afrique. 8. Mon frère, où est-il? Il est en Angleterre.

1. Europe is a part of the world. 2. Asia is a part of the world. 3. Africa is a part of the world. 4. America is a part of the world. 5. My father is in France. 6. My brother is in London. 7. My cousin is in Germany, and my brother is in Dresden. 8. Where is my cousin? He is in Dresden.