DEMONSTRATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES. 39

uncle live here? Yes, he lives here; but he is not in the house at present. 4. The uncle loves his nephew and his niece. 5. The aunt loves her nephew and her niece. 6. Our mother is good. 7. Have you seen my copy-book? Here is (voici) your copy-book. 8. Have you seen my friend (fem.)? Yes, I have seen your friend (fem.). 9. My father, my mother, and my sisters were in London. 10. The aunts love their nephew. 11. The aunts love their nephews. 12. I have seen your two horses.

3. Demonstrative Adjective (Adjectif démonstratif). The Demonstrative Adjective is:

Ce is used before a Substantive masculine beginning with a consonant; cet before a vowel and h mute.

Ci (here) and là (there) are often joined by a hyphen. to the Substantive, to give greater emphasis.

4. Interrogative Adjective (Adjectif Interrogatif).

The Interrogative Adjective is:

Quel is also used in exclamations, as:

quel beau livre! what a beautiful book!*

*N. B.-The English Indefinite Article is not expressed in French.

NOTE. Quel may be separated from its Substantive by the verb "être," but it agrees with the Substantive just the same, as:

1. Cette boîte est grande. 2. Ces enfants sont pauvres. 3. J'ai vu le frère de ce garçon. 4. J'ai deux livres de ce café. 5. Je donne (I give) ces poires à cette fille-ci. 6. J'ai vu ces chiens-là. 7. Quels chiens avez-vous vus? 8. Quel beau cheval! 9. Quel est ce livre? 10. Le fils de cet homme-là est très-grand. 11. Quelle heure (what o'clock, lit. what hour) est-il? Il est trois heures. Il est une heure. 12. Quelle fleur a-t-elle ? Elle a une rose.

1. These boxes are great. 2. That child is poor. 3. Have you seen the sister of this boy? 4. The merchant has three pounds of this tea. 5. I give these apples to that boy (there). 6. We have seen those horses (there). 7. What horses have you seen? 8. What a beautiful house! 9. What a beautiful flower! 10. The son of that man (there) is good. 11. What o'clock is it? It is one o'clock. It is two o'clock. It is three o'clock. o'clock.

12. What is that letter (lettre, fem.)?

It is four

5. Numeral Adjectives (Adjectifs numéraux).

A. CARDINAL NUMERALS (Nombres cardinaux).

Cardinal Numerals denote numbers simply or absolutely, as:

un, une, one; deux, two; trois, three.

In the numbers marked thus (*) the et may or may not be used.

1. The Numerals remain unchanged with their Substantives, except cent and quatre-vingt.

Cent takes s when multiplied by a numeral, and not followed by another numeral, as:

trois cents hommes, three hundred men;

but, trois cent dix hommes, three hundred and ten men.

Vingt takes s when multiplied by the numeral quatre, four (quatre-vingts), and not followed by another numeral, as:

2. Mille, thousand, never takes s, as:

trois mille chevaux, 3000 horses.

3. Mil is used instead of mille in dates, as:

l'an mil huit cent cinquante-un, the year 1851.

en mil huit cent quarante-huit, in 1848, omitting the word year.

4. Il y a is used in reference to past time in such expressions as the following:

5. In speaking of a person's age, the verb "to have" is used in French, and not the verb "to be," as in English;

So in like manner:

Quel âge avez-vous?
Quel âge a-t-elle ?

How old are you? (lit. What age have you?)
How old is she? (lit. What age has she?)

6. In multiplication, fois, time, is used, as:

1. J'ai deux chiens. 2. Ma tante a trois chats. 3. Notre voisine a cinq enfants, quatre filles et un fils. 4. Une année a douze mois, ou trois cent soixante-cinq jours. 5. Quel âge avezvous, Frédéric ? J'ai onze ans et mon frère a treize ans. 6. Quel âge a votre nièce? Elle a quinze ans. 7. Et votre neveu quel âge a-t-il? Il a dix-huit ans. 8. Combien font huit et douze? Huit et douze font vingt. 9. Combien font trente et quarante-sept? Trente et quarante-sept font soixante-dix-sept. 10. Quatre fois douze font quarante-huit. 11. J'ai acheté ma maison il y a dix ans. 12. J'ai vu le garçon il y a deux heures. 13. En mil sept cent quatre-vingt-neuf. 14. Le général a quatre-vingts chevaux.

1. My father has two horses. 2. Your mother has four cats. 3. Your friend (fem.) has six children, four sons and two daughters. 4. A year has three hundred and sixty-five days and six hours. 5. My nephew is nineteen years old. 6. Your niece is twenty-two years old. 7. How old is your nephew? He is thirty-one years old. 8. And your aunt, how old is she? She is forty-two years old. 9. How much do five and seven make? Five and seven make twelve. 10. How much do twenty, thirty-five, and forty-five make? Twenty, thirty-five, and forty-five make one hundred. 11. How much do six times eight make? Six times eight make forty-eight. 12. We bought this house eighteen years ago. 13. We saw the girl four hours ago. 14. In (the year) one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.

B. ORDINAL NUMERALS (Nombres ordinaux). Ordinal numerals denote numbers as forming part of a series or order, as:

* Unime is only used in compound numbers, as vingt et uni ́me.