It is I. It is he. It is her. Examples. de moi, of or from me; de toi, de lui, à moi, &c. Especially after c'est, ce sont, c'était: as, c'est moi, c'est toi, c'est lui, c'est elle, 1. Je parle de lui et de son frère. 2. Parles-tu de moi? Oui, je parle de toi. 3. Pensez-vous à moi? Non, je ne pense pas à vous; je pense à Charles. 4. Qui est là ? C'est moi. 5. Est-ce toi, Louis? Oui, c'est moi. 6. Est-ce vous, mes sœurs? Oui, c'est nous. 7. Qui a cassé ma canne? Ce n'est pas moi. 8. Nous parlons de vous, et vous parlez de nous. 9. Votre oncle demeuret-il encore chez vous? Non, Monsieur il ne demeure plus chez nous. 10. Venez chez moi demain matin. 11. Je joue avec lui. 12. Pour qui est cette tasse de café? Elle est pour moi. 1. We speak of him and of his sister. 2. They speak of me and of my brothers. 3. Does she speak of me? Yes, she speaks of you. 4. Does she think of me? She thinks of thee. She thinks of them. 5. I have not thought of thee. 6. Who is there? It is I. It is he. 7. It is not you. 8. Who has broken the cup? It is not I. 9. I speak of him, she speaks of me. 10. Does my aunt still dwell with (chez) you? No, Sir, she no longer dwells with us. 11. For whom is that glass of beer? It is for myself. * 12. For whom is that glass of wine? It is for thyself. B. 1. Qui vient (comes) là? C'est nous. 2. Pensez-vous à vos amis? Je pense souvent à eux. 3. Pour qui sont ces bottes ? Elles sont pour moi. 4. A qui pensez-vous? Je pense à vous et à votre mère. 5. De qui parle-t-on ? On parle d'eux. 6. Qui a apporté cette corbeille? Ma sœur elle-même. 7. Qui a écrit cette lettre? Mon père lui-même. 8. Qui a battu cet enfant? Ce n'est pas moi, c'est Léopold. 1. Does she think of her friends (fem.)? She often thinks of them. 2. Of whom do you think? I often think of you and of your father. 3. Of whom does she think? She often thinks of mę and of my sisters. 4. Of whom does she speak? She often speaks of thee and of thy cousins (fem.). 5. For whom are those shoes? They are for ourselves. 6. Who has brought that basket? My brother himself. 7. Who has brought those boots? The boot-maker himself. 8. Who has written that letter? My brother himself— my sister herself. 9. Who has written these letters? Our brothers themselves-our sisters themselves. For the Demonstrative Adjective, see p. 39. 1. Ci and là are joined to the Pronouns by a hyphen to give greater emphasis: Masc. Fem. celle-ci, this (here), this. mon chapeau et celui de mon frère, ma sœur et celle de mon cousin, mes chapeaux et ceux de mon frère, mes sœurs et celles de mon cousin, je parle de celui-ci, vous parlez de celui-là, voulez-vous celui-ci ou celui-là ? je préfère celles-ci à celles-là, } 2. Ce, indeclinable, is used before the Verb être, to be, to point out a person or thing (see p. 73); as, 3. Ceci, this, cela, that, both indeclinable, refer to a noun understood: as, ceci est bon, et cela est mauvais, this is good, and that is bad. 4. En is sometimes used for the genitive, and y for the dative of ce, ceci, cela (see also p. 69). They must be placed before the Verb, like the Personal Pronouns, except in the affirmative Imperative (see Rules, pp. 69, 70). Ifen is used with a Personal Pronoun, it always stands after it: as, voici du jambon en voulez-vous? here is ham; do you wish (some) of it? oui, donnez-m'en, je lui en ai donné, yes, give me (some) of it. j'en prendrai volontiers un petit morceau, votre père est-il au jardin ? · Oui, il y est, y allez-vous? non, je n'y vais pas, I will take willingly a small piece of it. Is your father in the garden? Yes, he is there. are you going to that place (there)? no, I am not going there. EXERCISE XXVIII. 1. Voici mon crayon et celui de Guillaume. 2. Voilà mes gants et ceux de ma sœur. 3. J'ai vu votre portrait et celui de Louise. 4. On a trouvé votre parapluie et celui d'Henri sous le grand arbre. 5. Celui-là est neuf; celui-ci est vieux. 6. Nos enfants et ceux de votre voisin sont au jardin. 7. Ceci est pour mon cousin, cela est pour ma cousine. 8. Mon papier est meilleur que celui de Charles. 9. Voici du gâteau de cerises, en voulez-vous? 10. Donnez m'en un petit morceau, je vous prie. 11. Votre oncle est-il au jardin ? Je crois qu'il y est. 12. Pensez-vous à vos affaires? Oui, j'y pense. 1. Here is (voici) my umbrella and that of Henry. 2. There are (voilà) my boots and those of my brother. 3. There are my pencils and those of William. 4. We have seen his portrait and that of Louisa. 5. We have found his hat and that of William under the great tree. 6. Our daughters and those of our cousin are in the garden. 7. These (here) (masc.) are new; those (there) (masc.) are old. 8. These (here) (fem.) are new; those (there) (fem.) are old. 9. My umbrella is better than that of Henry. 10. Here are (voici) apples; do you wish (some) of them? Give me (some) of them, I pray you. 11. Here is ham (du jambon), do you wish some of it? Give me a small piece of it, I pray you. 12. Are my sisters in the garden? I believe (je crois) that they are there. The article le, la, les, with quel, when preceded by de or à, follows the rules of the article, as : duquel, de laquelle, desquels, desquelles, of or from whom or which. auquel, à laquelle, auxquels, auxquelles, to whom or which. 1. Qui, que, dont, are used for both genders and numbers, and apply to persons and things, as: l'enfant qui pleure, le voyageur que j'ai quitté, the child which weeps. 2. With prepositions, qui is used only of persons; lequel, laquelle, of animals and things, as :- c'est un homme à qui j'ai parlé, c'est une occasion à laquelle je ne pensais pas. le negociant avec qui j'ai voyagé, l'arbre sur lequel je montai, la clef avec laquelle on ouvrit la porte, it is a man to whom I spoke. it is an opportunity of which I did the merchant with whom I travelled. 3. Lequel, laquelle, is used only of persons, when there is ambiguity, as :— la tanto de mon ami laquelle de- the aunt of my friend who dwells at moure à Paris, Paris. (qui might refer to my friend.) 4. Celui qui is he who, celui que, he whom. Nom. ce qui, that which, what. Acc. ce que, that which, what. Nom. tout ce qui; Acc. tout ce que, all which, all that, everything which, everything that, as : celui qui me voit, celui que je vois, ce qui nous plait, ce que je vois, j'aime tout ce qui est beau, he who sees me. he whom I see. that which pleases us. I love everything which is beautiful. 5. Quoi refers to a proposition, and is used only with propositions, or after voilà followed by de, pour, etc., as :voilà de quoi je me plains, this is what I complain of. EXERCISE XXIX. 1. Voici l'homme qui a apporté la lettre. 2. Où est la femme qui vend des cerises? 3. Louise a perdu le ruban que vous lui avez donné. 4. Voici le ruban que Mademoiselle Louise a perdu. 5. Voici l'écolier à qui vous avez prêté votre livre. 6. Est-ce là la maison que vous avez achetée? 7. Oui, Monsieur, ce l'est; comment la trouvezvous? Je la trouve très-belle. 8. Où est la lettre que vous avez reçue ce matin? Je l'ai donnée à ma tante. 9. La chambre dans laquelle je travaille, est très-froide. 10. Je connais la femme dont vous avez reçu cette lettre. 11. Je connais l'homme dont vous parlez. 12. Voici tout ce qu'il a désiré. 1. Here are (voici) the men who have brought letters. 2. Where are the women who sell cherries and apples? 3. The girl has lost the umbrella which her uncle gave her. 4. Here is (voici) the umbrella which the girl lost. 5. Where are the children to whom I lent my books? 6. Is this the garden which you have bought? 7. Yes, Sir, this is it; how do you find (like) it? I find it very beautiful. 8. Where is the letter which my mother received this morning? I gave it to your father. 9. The rooms in which she works are very cold. 10. I know the woman of whom you speak. 11. I know the men of whom you speak. 12. Here is (voici) everything which you desired. 4. Interrogative Pronouns (Pronoms interrogatifs). 1. qui (Nom. Acc.) who? whom? que, quoi, what? For the Interrogative Adjective, see p. 39. 1. Qui is used only of persons: as, qui est là, qui cherchez-vous ? de qui parlez-vous? 2. Que and quoi are used who is there? whom do you look for? only of things. Que stands alone, and is used only before Verbs; quoi is often used with a Preposition: as, NOTE.-Instead of qui and que, a longer form is frequently used: 3. Lequel, laquelle, refers generally to a preceding substantive, or to a following substantive: in the latter case |