The Ecological Approach To Visual PerceptionPsychology Press, 13 mai 2013 - 352 pages This is a book about how we see: the environment around us (its surfaces, their layout, and their colors and textures); where we are in the environment; whether or not we are moving and, if we are, where we are going; what things are good for; how to do things (to thread a needle or drive an automobile); or why things look as they do. The basic assumption is that vision depends on the eye which is connected to the brain. The author suggests that natural vision depends on the eyes in the head on a body supported by the ground, the brain being only the central organ of a complete visual system. When no constraints are put on the visual system, people look around, walk up to something interesting and move around it so as to see it from all sides, and go from one vista to another. That is natural vision -- and what this book is about. |
Table des matières
INTRODUCTION | 1 |
ONE THE ANIMAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT | 7 |
Summary | 15 |
Surfaces and the Ecological Laws of Surfaces | 22 |
The Qualities of Substantial Surfaces | 31 |
The Environment of One Observer and the Environment of All Observers | 43 |
FOUR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STIMULATION | 47 |
Do We Ever See Light as Such? | 54 |
The Coperception of Ones Own Movement | 182 |
ELEVEN | 189 |
What Is Seen at This Moment from This Position Does Not Comprise What | 195 |
The Puzzle of Egocentric Awareness | 201 |
TWELVE | 203 |
How Does the EyeHead System Work? Outline of a New Theory | 209 |
The Fallacy of the Stimulus Sequence Theory | 219 |
The Control of Locomotion and Manipulation | 225 |
EIGHT | 56 |
A Demonstration That the Retinal Image Is Not Necessary for Vision | 61 |
The Intercept Angle | 69 |
Covering Edges | 76 |
How is Ambient Light Structured? A Theory | 86 |
A Special Case | 92 |
The Optical Information for Perceiving Events | 102 |
The Causation of Events | 109 |
The Specifying of Limb Movements | 120 |
Summary | 126 |
The Niches of the Environment | 128 |
A Recent History | 138 |
NINE | 147 |
Is There Evidence Against the Direct Perception of Surface Layout? | 166 |
Rules for the Visual Control of Locomotion | 232 |
FOURTEEN THE THEORY OF INFORMATION PICKUP | 238 |
Input Processing | 251 |
A New Approach to Knowing | 258 |
PICTURES AND VISUAL AWARENESS | 267 |
A Theory of Drawing and Its Development in the Child | 274 |
What About the Illusion of Reality? The Duality of Picture Perception | 280 |
The Consciousness of the Visual Field | 285 |
Summary | 291 |
A Theory of Filming and FilmEditing | 297 |
CONCLUSION | 303 |
| 313 | |
| 319 | |
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Expressions et termes fréquents
affords ambient array ambient light ambient optic array awareness behavior body brain called camera Chapter chemical color concept contour corresponding deformation DEPICTION depth depth perception described detached object direct perception display distance distinguished disturbance earth ecological events ecological optics environment experiments fact field of view film fixation flow geometry Gibson ground hidden horizon illumination INFORMATION FOR VISUAL information pickup inputs invariant structure J. J. Gibson kind layout of surfaces locomotion looking magnification means medium motion picture movement natural perspective nested occluding edge optical flow optical information optical structure optical texture perceive perceptual system persistence perspective structure photoreceptors physical point of observation projected proprioception psychology radiation receptors relative retinal image rotation screen sensations sensory shadow sight space stimulus information substances surface layout surface of support term terrestrial animals things transformation transmitted unhidden vision visual kinesthesis VISUAL PERCEPTION visual solid angle visual system visual world